Question 1

When diagnosing separation anxiety in children,clinicians must

Accepted Answer

Clinicians must consider all of the options listed in order to accurately diagnose separation anxiety in children. They need to assess whether the child's anxiety is developmentally appropriate and differentiate it from other anxiety disorders. Additionally, they should rule out any physical causes for the child's distress.

Question 2

D-cycloserine is a drug that seems to act to work in the

Accepted Answer

D-cycloserine acts in the amygdala, a region of the brain involved in processing emotions such as fear and anxiety, to diminish anxiety. It has been studied for its potential to enhance the effectiveness of psychotherapy for anxiety disorders by reducing the fear response.

Question 3

Manuel had a fear of riding on buses,so his mother had to drive him to school every day.Manuel's phobia is a(n)_________ phobia.

Accepted Answer

Situational phobia involves a fear of specific situations or events. In this case, Manuel's fear is of riding on buses, a specific situation. Natural environment phobias are related to nature, such as a fear of heights or storms. Blood-injury-injection phobias involve a fear of medical procedures or injuries. Animal phobias involve a fear of specific animals or insects.

Question 4

Which of the following procedures is NOT part of Barlow's panic control treatment (PCT)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following procedures is NOT...

Question 5

According to your textbook,new techniques have made it possible to treat some phobias effectively in one _____.

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that new techniques like exposure therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy have made it possible to treat some phobias effectively in one day.

Question 6

Cognitive behavioral therapy when added to patients taking medication tends to _________the condition of patients with panic attacks.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to significantly improve the condition of patients with panic attacks when added to their medication regimen, according to research studies.

Question 7

The main difference between situational phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA)is

Accepted Answer

People with situational phobia only experience panic attacks when confronted with the phobic situation, while people with PDA may experience panic attacks in multiple situations outside of just the specific phobic situation.

Question 8

Although illness phobia resembles hypochondria,it differs in that people with illness phobias

Accepted Answer

Illness phobia (also known as health anxiety or hypochondriasis) is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about having a serious medical condition. However, unlike hypochondria, illness phobia is focused on the fear of acquiring a disease rather than the fear of already having a disease.

Question 9

What is one factor that distinguishes between traditional exposure-based treatments for panic disorder and the more recent panic control treatment (PCT)developed at one of Barlow's clinics?

Accepted Answer

One factor that distinguishes between traditional exposure-based treatments for panic disorder and the more recent panic control treatment (PCT) is exposure to the interoceptive sensations associated with panic attacks. Traditional exposure-based treatments focus on exposing the patient to the external or situational triggers that elicit panic attacks, while PCT focuses on exposing the patient to the internal or bodily sensations that are associated with panic attacks. This is done through interoceptive exposure exercises, which involve inducing physical sensations that mimic panic symptoms (e.g. hyperventilation, spinning in a chair), and teaching the patient to tolerate and interpret these sensations in a less threatening way.

Question 10

In a major double-blind NIMH research study looking at the separate and combined effects of both psychological and drug treatments (Barlow et al.,2000),patients were randomized into five different treatment conditions,including

Accepted Answer

The study included all of the mentioned treatment conditions, which were randomly assigned to the participants. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 11

In the general population,approximately __________ of people have specific fears severe enough to be diagnosed as phobias.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 11% of people in the general population have specific fears severe enough to be diagnosed as phobias.

Question 12

You are told about a child who has shown behavior consistent with "separation anxiety." In order to determine if the child actually has a disorder or whether the behavior is normal,you would first need to know

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are told about a child who...

Question 13

In regard to treatment of specific phobias,which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exposure-based exercises have been shown to change brain functioning by altering neural pathways and reducing fear response in the amygdala, which is the part of the brain responsible for processing fear stimuli. This is supported by studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure changes in brain activity before and after exposure therapy. Therefore, option C is the correct statement. Option A is incorrect because exposure-based exercises are still considered an effective treatment for specific phobias. Option B is partially correct because individuals with blood-injury phobia require a different type of exposure therapy, called applied tension, to prevent a drop in blood pressure and potential fainting. Option D is incorrect because avoiding a phobic situation reinforces the fear response and can lead to a stronger phobia over time.

Question 14

The median age of onset for a specific phobia is ____.

Accepted Answer

The median age of onset for a specific phobia is typically around 7 years old, indicating that these fears often begin in childhood.

Question 15

In the type of specific phobia called "blood-injury-injection," there is an inherited vasovagal response and a tendency to faint due to

Accepted Answer

In the blood-injury-injection phobia, there is an inherited tendency to have a vasovagal response, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate that can lead to fainting. Therefore, the correct answer is B, a decrease in blood pressure.

Question 16

All of the following are characteristics common to specific phobias EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Specific phobias typically involve increased arousal of the autonomic nervous system, such as increased heart rate, sweating, and trembling. This heightened arousal contributes to the persistent anxiety and avoidance behaviors.

Question 17

According to your textbook,there are at least three ways of developing a phobia.Which is NOT one of these ways?

Accepted Answer

The textbook mentions experiencing a panic attack in a specific situation, observing someone else experience severe fear, and in certain conditions, being told about danger as ways of developing a phobia. However, having a nightmare about a feared situation is not explicitly mentioned as a way of developing a phobia.

Question 18

A friend stated that when she went to a clinic,she had to spend several 30- to 60-second sessions shaking her head from side to side,spinning in a chair,tensing all her muscles,hyperventilating,or breathing through a narrow straw.She is surprised that you correctly guessed that she is receiving treatment for

Accepted Answer

The techniques described by the friend are commonly used in exposure therapy for panic disorder, which involves gradually exposing the individual to feared sensations and situations and teaching them coping mechanisms to deal with their anxiety. The techniques the friend describes - shaking her head, spinning in a chair, tensing her muscles, hyperventilating, etc. - are all designed to elicit physical symptoms of panic that the individual may fear, but by practicing them in a controlled setting, the individual can become desensitized to them and learn to manage their anxiety more effectively. Specific phobia and social phobia may also involve exposure therapy, but the techniques used would differ depending on the specific fears involved. Posttraumatic stress disorder may involve exposure therapy as well, but typically focuses more on revisiting and processing traumatic memories rather than inducing physical sensations.

Question 19

A relative of yours who suffers from panic disorder asks you what treatment would have the longest-lasting benefits.Since you have just read about the double-blind NIMH research study evaluating psychological treatments with and without medication,you tell your relative to first try

Accepted Answer

The NIMH research study found that panic control treatment, which includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), had the longest-lasting benefits for individuals with panic disorder. Therefore, CBT should be the first choice of treatment for your relative. Drug imipramine may have some benefits but should not be the first choice, and psychological treatment with medication did not show any significant long-term benefits compared to CBT alone. Therefore, D is not the correct choice.

Question 20

A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents,which may result in refusal to leave home is called

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety is a psychological disorder commonly seen in children, characterized by excessive and persistent worry about harm occurring to their parents, leading to a refusal to leave home or separation from the caregiver. It may cause distress in the child and significant disruption in daily functioning. Globus hystericus refers to a sensation of tightness or discomfort in the throat, often seen in anxiety disorders. School phobia and situational phobia are types of anxiety disorders but not specifically related to separation anxiety.

Quiz 5: Anxiety Disorders