Question 1

Which of the following features did Baumrind find that consistently differentiated effective child-rearing styles from less effective ones?

Accepted Answer

Baumrind's research consistently found that effective child-rearing styles were differentiated from less effective ones by three key features: acceptance and involvement, behavioral control, and autonomy granting. These features are commonly referred to as authoritative parenting, which involves setting clear boundaries and expectations while also allowing for independence and individuality. Parents who exhibit authoritative parenting tend to have children who are well-behaved, self-reliant, and emotionally secure.

Question 2

Wanda's parents engage in behaviors that intrude on and manipulate her verbal expressions and individuality. Wanda's parents engage in

Accepted Answer

Wanda's parents are engaging in psychological control by intruding on and manipulating her verbal expressions and individuality. This type of parenting behavior can be harmful to a child's development and can lead to negative outcomes such as low self-esteem and decreased autonomy.

Question 3

In an effort to gradually shift responsibilities to their teenage daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Yan exercise supervision in the form of general oversight, but let her make moment-by-moment decisions. The Yans are engaging in

Accepted Answer

The Yans are engaging in coregulation because they are gradually shifting responsibilities to their teenage daughter while still providing general oversight. This allows the daughter to make moment-by-moment decisions, but within the parameters set by her parents. Coregulation is a developmentally appropriate form of supervision that allows for increasing autonomy and independence. Joint decision making involves parents and children making decisions together, feigned disinterest is when parents pretend to not be interested in their child’s activities, and bidirectional autonomy is when parents and children negotiate independence and dependence.

Question 4

Over time, the relationship between parenting and children's attributes becomes increasingly

Accepted Answer

As children grow and develop, the relationship between parenting and children's attributes becomes increasingly bidirectional, meaning that both parties modify their actions and behaviors based on the other's actions and behaviors. The parent-child relationship becomes more collaborative and interactive, with each participant influencing the other in significant ways. This bidirectional relationship is essential for healthy development and helps to support children's emotional, social, and cognitive growth.

Question 5

Researchers who claim that siblings reared in the same family show little resemblance in parent-rated temperament also assert that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers who claim that siblings reared in...

Question 6

At its extreme, uninvolved parenting is

Accepted Answer

Uninvolved parenting is a form of neglect, where parents fail to meet a child's basic needs for physical, emotional, and social development. This type of parenting can have long-lasting negative effects on a child's physical, emotional, and cognitive development.

Question 7

Newell is fearful and inhibited. Newell will benefit most if his parents

Accepted Answer

Newell's fearfulness and inhibition suggest a lack of confidence in his ability to express himself and assert his autonomy. Therefore, providing extra encouragement to be assertive and express himself would be the most beneficial for him. Adopting an authoritarian child-rearing style, taking over and solving his problems, or becoming overprotective and restricting his activities may exacerbate his fearfulness and inhibit his personal growth.

Question 8

Seven-year-old Tim is allowed to eat meals and go to bed whenever he wants, does not participate in any household chores, and makes most of his own decisions. We can anticipate that as an adolescent, Tim will most likely

Accepted Answer

Tim's lack of structure and boundaries in childhood may lead to impulsivity and disobedience as an adolescent. Without guidance and responsibility, he may struggle to navigate rules and authority figures. The other options are less likely because they require a level of structure and guidance that Tim did not receive in childhood.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a parent who uses an uninvolved child-rearing style?

Accepted Answer

An uninvolved parenting style is characterized by a lack of responsiveness to a child's needs, indifference, and minimal involvement in the child's life, including decision making.

Question 10

__________ are combinations of __________ that occur over a wide range of situations, creating an enduring child-rearing climate.

Accepted Answer

Child-rearing styles refer to the general patterns of parental behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs that shape the way parents interact with their children. Parenting behaviors, on the other hand, are specific actions that parents take to influence their child's behavior, emotions, and development. Child-rearing styles combine different parenting behaviors that are consistent and stable over time to create an enduring child-rearing climate. This climate can have a profound impact on a child's social, emotional, and cognitive development.

Question 11

Sixteen-year-old Bonita strives to develop a sense of herself as a separate, self-governing individual. Bonita is developing

Accepted Answer

Autonomy refers to the ability to govern oneself and make independent decisions. This is exactly what Bonita is striving for as a sixteen-year-old. Maturation refers to the overall physical and psychological development of an individual, while coregulation refers to the ability to cooperate with others to achieve a common goal. Individuality is related to the uniqueness of an individual's personality and characteristics, but it doesn't quite capture the specific developmental task that Bonita is working on.

Question 12

Five-year-old Fabiano is allowed to stay up late watching television, has poor manners, and is overly demanding with his parents. Fabiano displays characteristics of a child raised by __________ parents.

Accepted Answer

A permissive parenting style involves low control and high warmth, with few rules and consequences. Parents who use a permissive style often give in to their child's demands, have little structure or routine, and may avoid disciplining their child. This can result in children who lack self-discipline, have poor social skills, and struggle with authority. Fabiano's behavior suggests that he has few rules and boundaries, and is accustomed to getting his way.

Question 13

In __________, the amount of time children spend with parents __________.

Accepted Answer

In middle childhood, children start school and engage in more activities outside the home, leading to a dramatic decline in the amount of time spent with parents.

Question 14

When Aiden needs to make a decision, he carefully weighs his own judgment and the suggestions of others to arrive at a well-reasoned course of action. This is the __________ component of autonomy.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral component of autonomy involves making decisions based on one's own judgment and the input of others, reflecting a well-reasoned and self-determined course of action.

Question 15

Longitudinal evidence indicates that among children of diverse temperaments, authoritative child rearing in the preschool years predicts __________ a decade later in adolescence, whereas authoritarian child rearing predicts __________.

Accepted Answer

Authoritative child rearing, which is characterized by warmth, structure, and high expectations, is linked to positive outcomes such as maturity a decade later. In contrast, authoritarian child rearing, which is characterized by high demands and low responsiveness, tends to predict adjustment difficulties in adolescence.

Question 16

Gina is dependent, lacks interest in exploration, and is overwhelmed by challenging tasks. She is exhibiting characteristics consistent with girls raised by __________ parents.

Accepted Answer

Gina is exhibiting traits consistent with authoritarian parenting, which is characterized by strict rules, lack of warmth, and control. Children raised in authoritarian households tend to be more dependent, less curious, and less confident in tackling difficult tasks.

Question 17

Parents start to socialize their children in earnest during

Accepted Answer

Parents begin to socialize their children in earnest during the second year, as toddlers start to develop the ability to understand and comply with directives, making it a crucial time for socialization.

Question 18

Nikhil and Simon exhibit high self-esteem, social maturity, task persistence, and are usually in an upbeat mood. What type of child-rearing style does their parents most likely use?

Accepted Answer

The traits exhibited by Nikhil and Simon, such as high self-esteem, social maturity, task persistence, and positive mood, are commonly associated with children who are raised with an authoritative parenting style. This parenting style is characterized by warmth, responsiveness, reasonable demands, monitoring, and communication. Parents who use an authoritative style foster independence, promote self-discipline, and provide guidance and support to their children.

Question 19

Research shows that child rearing becomes __________ in middle childhood for those parents who established a(n) __________ style during the early years.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that parents who establish an authoritative parenting style in early childhood have an easier time with child rearing in middle childhood compared to those who use other parenting styles. Authoritative parents provide clear boundaries and rules while also allowing for open communication and explanations for why certain rules are in place, which fosters a positive parent-child relationship and a sense of mutual respect. This helps reduce conflicts and challenges as children enter middle childhood, leading to easier child rearing overall.

Question 20

The Smiths tend to overindulge their children, allowing the children to make many decisions before they are ready. The Smiths are using a(n) __________ child-rearing style.

Accepted Answer

The permissive child-rearing style is characterized by the parents being very indulgent and allowing children to make many decisions without considering the consequences. The Smiths' behavior of overindulging their children and allowing them to make decisions before they are ready fits this description.

Quiz 14: The Family