Question 1

Today, __________ percent of the world's urban dwellers live in the cities of the less-developed world.

Accepted Answer

As of the latest data, approximately 66% of the world's urban population lives in cities within less-developed regions, reflecting the rapid urbanization in these areas compared to more developed regions.

Question 2

Stage __________ of the demographic transition is a period of transitional growth.

Accepted Answer

Stage 2 of the demographic transition model is characterized by a period of rapid population growth due to high birth rates and declining death rates, as improvements in healthcare, nutrition, and sanitation are introduced.

Question 3

In Stage __________ of the demographic transition, societies have low and stable death rates and low but unstable birth rates.

Accepted Answer

This describes Stage 3 of the demographic transition. At this stage, improvements in healthcare and sanitation have lowered the death rate, but traditional values and lack of access to education or birth control result in a higher birth rate. However, as educational and economic opportunities increase, the birth rate begins to decline towards replacement level.

Question 4

The text makes a number of observations about urbanization in less-developed countries. Which of the following is NOT one of these observations?

Accepted Answer

Option A is incorrect because the text likely observes that the rate of natural increase and rural to urban migration are significant factors in urbanization in less-developed countries (LDCs), not that they are lower today than in the past.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the patterns of urbanization that can be identified in LDCs?

Accepted Answer

There are only four identified patterns of urbanization in LDCs, which are Type 1 in Latin America, Type 2 in Africa, Type 3 in sub-Saharan nations, and Type 4 in India, China, and Pakistan. There is no Type 5 pattern of urbanization.

Question 6

Primacy is measured by comparing

Accepted Answer

Primacy refers to the disproportionate size and dominance of a country's largest city compared to the rest of its urban areas. It is measured by comparing the population of the largest city with that of the second-largest city. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 7

The text observes that there are four distinct patterns associated with the premodern city. Which of the following is NOT one of these patterns?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The text observes that there are four...

Question 8

There are four basic types of spontaneous settlements. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

Accepted Answer

The four basic types of spontaneous settlements are invasions (occupation of land without permission), pirate settlements (use of land without permission), usufruct settlements (temporary use of land with permission), and squatter settlements (occupation of unowned or abandoned land without permission). Condominium settlements are not considered a type of spontaneous settlement.

Question 9

Research in Latin America and the Caribbean shows that spontaneous settlements follow a life cycle that sometimes results in middle-income housing. The first stage of this cycle is known as the

Accepted Answer

The first stage of the life cycle of spontaneous settlements is known as the "bridgehead" stage. This term refers to the initial phase where settlers establish a foothold in an area, often on the outskirts of urban centers or in undeveloped lands.

Question 10

Drawing on the works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, the __________ theory posits that industrial development follows a coherent pattern of growth and would, in time, produce certain common social and political structures across different countries and cultures.

Accepted Answer

The theory described is the modernization theory, which draws on the works of Marx, Weber, and Durkheim to argue that industrial development will lead to common social and political structures across nations. Dependency theory (A) focuses on the relationship between developed and underdeveloped nations, while world systems theory (B) argues that the global economic system is divided into core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral regions. Hence, options A and B are incorrect.

Question 11

Advocates of __________ theory are usually neo-Marxian and blame the world capitalist system for underdevelopment.

Accepted Answer

Advocates of dependency theory and world systems theory both attribute the underdevelopment of certain countries to the exploitation and dependency on the world capitalist system. This perspective is based on a Marxist analysis of global capitalism and argues that developed countries maintain their position of power and wealth through the exploitation of developing countries.

Question 12

Within dependency or world systems theory, a few nations of the world display the characteristics of both core and peripheral nations, and they are known as __________ nations.

Accepted Answer

Semi-peripheral nations display characteristics of both core and peripheral nations. They may have some industries that are highly developed, but they also often rely on the export of raw materials and have a high level of poverty among their citizens.

Question 13

The dependency theory has its origins in the analysis of __________ relationships.

Accepted Answer

The dependency theory emerged as a critique of the modernization theory, which viewed economic development as a linear process in which all countries could eventually move from a traditional to a modern society through increased industrialization and free-market policies. Dependency theory, on the other hand, argued that the global economy was characterized by unequal relationships between former colonizing, industrialized countries (core) and former colonies, often referred to as peripheral countries. These relationships were rooted in the historical legacy of colonialism, which left many developing nations unable to industrialize and develop on their own. Therefore, the dependency theory has its origin in the analysis of colonial relationships.

Question 14

The text explains that the global economy plays a part in the urbanization process of the less-developed world in a number of different ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that investors make relatively isolated decisions, which contributes to the urbanization process of the less-developed world. Therefore, C is not a correct option as it is mentioned in the text as one of the ways global economy plays a part in urbanization process. A, B, and D are all correct options mentioned in the text.

Question 15

Thomas Downey and Richard Williamson suggest a solution for less-developed countries that may be palatable to both modernization and dependency/world system theory advocates. Downey and Williamson refer to this as fighting poverty with

Accepted Answer

Downey and Williamson propose fighting poverty with profit, meaning promoting economic development and investment in less-developed countries as a way to alleviate poverty. This approach is in line with modernization theory's emphasis on economic growth and technology as a means of development, but also acknowledges the structural inequalities and power imbalances present in the world system, making it palatable to dependency theory advocates as well.

Question 16

Today, the less-developed countries of the world contain approximately three- quarters of the world's 6 billion people.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. According to United Nations data, as of 2020, the less-developed countries (LDCs) have a total population of over 5 billion (81% of the world's population), while the more-developed countries have a population of roughly 1.3 billion (19% of the world's population).

Question 17

The author of your text prefers the term spontaneous settlement because it represents the innovation that the poor bring to their housing problems.

Accepted Answer

The author explicitly states that they prefer the term "spontaneous settlement" because it "captures the innovation and creativity that the poor bring to their housing problems."

Question 18

Modernization may not be characterized as an ethnocentric concept.

Accepted Answer

Modernization is often seen as an ethnocentric concept because it is based on Western models of development and progress that may not take into account the cultural, social, and historical contexts of other societies. Critics argue that modernization can lead to the imposition of Western values and lifestyles on non-Western societies, resulting in cultural imperialism and social disruption. However, some scholars argue that modernization can also be adapted to incorporate local traditions and values, and that it can be a beneficial process of economic, political, and social change if implemented sensitively and respectfully.

Question 19

In the 1950s, it was fashionable to attribute the underdevelopment of the third world to the global capitalist system.

Accepted Answer

Historically, during the 1950s, many scholars and experts believed that the global capitalist system was responsible for the underdevelopment of third world countries. This was in part due to the legacy of colonialism and economic exploitation, as well as the uneven distribution of wealth and resources created by global capitalism.

Question 20

In 1998, the richest country in the world possessed 115 times the per capital income of the poorest.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true as there is a significant income inequality gap between the richest and poorest countries in the world.

Quiz 3: Globalization and Urbanization in the Less-Developed World