Experiments in mice found that XY individuals missing a small region of the Y chromosome developed as females. This suggested that the presence of a Y chromosome was critical in determining sex.

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In mice and other placental mammals, the presence of a Y chromosome is needed for development as a male, irrespective of how many X chromosomes are present (e.g., XXY develops as male). More specifically, the Sry gene is needed - if this is deleted from the Y chromosome, then the individual develops as female.

Experiments in Mice Found That XY Individuals Missing a Small