Question 1

Although transmission of the disease is often accomplished through sexual activity, an estimated 20 percent of AIDS cases were reported to have been transmitted through intravenous (IV) drug users sharing needles.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true.

Question 2

Title III of the __________ addresses electronic surveillance, and was designed to protect the privacy of wire and oral communications.

Accepted Answer

Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 addresses electronic surveillance and was designed to protect the privacy of wire and oral communications. It includes regulations for obtaining warrants and for the use and disclosure of information obtained through wiretapping and other electronic surveillance methods.

Question 3

Electronic surveillance is used primarily in narcotics and _________ cases.

Accepted Answer

Electronic surveillance is primarily used in cases related to narcotics and drug trafficking. While it may be used in other types of cases as well, such as organized crime or terrorism, the question specifically asks for the primary use. Therefore, the best choice is A) gambling.

Question 4

In evaluating the legitimacy of the government's use of surveillance devices, three dimensions are considered. Which of the following is NOT one of these dimensions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In evaluating the legitimacy of the government's...

Question 5

Scientists in Europe first isolated cocaine around this time period, and cyclists were known to use it to increase performance.

Accepted Answer

Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by German chemist Albert Niemann.

Question 6

In 1904, a United States marathoner, Tom Hicks, collapsed and died at the St. Louis Olympics after ingesting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Tom Hicks collapsed and nearly died during the marathon at the 1904 Olympics, but he was revived with a mixture of strychnine and brandy. The use of strychnine, which was sometimes used as a stimulant at the time, likely contributed to Hicks' collapse and the deaths of several other competitors.

Question 7

The modern era of performance-enhancing drugs can be dated from various scientific developments in the 1930s, including the isolation of male hormones called:

Accepted Answer

The isolation of male hormones called androgens in the 1930s marked a significant scientific development in the field of performance-enhancing drugs. Androgens, which include testosterone and androsterone, are known for their ability to increase muscle mass and strength, making them popular among athletes looking to gain a competitive edge. While estrogen also plays a role in performance enhancement, it is typically associated with female athletes and not as widely used as androgens in the modern era.

Question 8

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) finally established a medical commission to control drug use in:

Accepted Answer

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) established a medical commission to control drug use in 1967, in response to growing concerns about the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports.

Question 9

This organization was the first international governing body of sport to take doping seriously.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This organization was the first international governing...

Question 10

The IOC took the initiative and convened the First World Conference on Doping in Sport in Lausanne in February 1999 following high-profile doping scandals in:

Accepted Answer

The high-profile doping scandals that led to the IOC convening the First World Conference on Doping in Sport in February 1999 were primarily in the sport of cycling, such as the Festina Affair during the 1998 Tour de France.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a banned stimulant by the WADA?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine was removed from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) list of prohibited substances in 2004. Strychnine, modafinil, and pemoline are considered banned stimulants by WADA.

Question 12

According to the text, what drug is not currently on the WADA banned list and is the most popular nutritional supplement for performance enhancement?

Accepted Answer

The text states that creatine is the most popular nutritional supplement for performance enhancement and it is not currently on the WADA banned list.

Question 13

________ expel water from athletes' bodies, and they are often used by athletes such as wrestlers who need to meet weight restrictions.

Accepted Answer

Diuretics are drugs that increase urine production, leading to the expulsion of water from the body. They are commonly used by athletes who need to meet weight restrictions, such as wrestlers, boxers, and MMA fighters. However, the use of diuretics can be dangerous and is banned by most sports organizations. Anabolic steroids, painkillers, and blood boosters are not used for water expulsion.

Question 14

The first athlete to be stripped of a gold medal for doping came in which of the following Olympics?

Accepted Answer

The first athlete to be stripped of a gold medal for doping came in the 1972 Munich Olympics. The athlete was a Swedish pentathlete named Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall who tested positive for alcohol, which was considered a banned substance by the International Olympic Committee at the time.

Question 15

Medical use of cannabis is legal in all of the following countries except:

Accepted Answer

Medical use of cannabis is not legal in Russia, while it is legal in Spain, Portugal, and Germany.

Question 16

Mark McGwire and Ken Caminiti were both part of a larger drug doping scandal in which major sport?

Accepted Answer

Mark McGwire and Ken Caminiti were both baseball players, and their involvement in the scandal was in relation to the use of performance-enhancing drugs in Major League Baseball.

Question 17

One of the most devastating aspects of the United States' drug war has been its impact on women as:

Accepted Answer

Women have often been used as couriers in drug trafficking operations, sometimes under coercion or because of vulnerability, making this role particularly devastating in the context of the drug war.

Question 18

Police defend their actions of using stings on all of the following grounds EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

None of the other options are listed as a reason for police defending the use of stings. Option A and B suggest that the use of deception is justified based on the good outcomes it can bring, while Option C suggests that police have the right to use coercive methods in certain situations. However, Option D suggests that the use of tough interrogation techniques is an effective way of preventing future criminal behavior.

Question 19

As a result of the combined effect of the ______________ and the accessorial liability statute, women suspected of being drug couriers in the employ of smuggling syndicates faced mandatory prison sentences of 15 years to life on their first felony arrests.

Accepted Answer

The Rockefeller Drug Laws, passed in New York in 1973, implemented harsh mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses, including a 15-year to life sentence for a first felony drug conviction. These laws disproportionately affected low-income communities of color and contributed to the mass incarceration of nonviolent drug offenders. Accessorial liability statutes hold individuals accountable for their involvement in drug trafficking, even if they did not directly possess or distribute drugs. In the context of drug courier profiling, women were often targeted as potential drug couriers and subjected to these mandatory sentences under the Rockefeller Drug Laws.

Question 20

The German military used testosterone in the 1930s and in World War II to increase the strength and aggressiveness of soldiers.

Accepted Answer

This is true, as documented in various historical sources including the book "Hitler's Soldiers: The German Army in the Third Reich" by Ben Shepherd.

Quiz 11: Critical Issues in Drug Control