Question 1

Imagine that you were shown two pictures in very rapid succession. The first is an image of a man standing behind a chair. The second is an image of the same man standing in front of the chair. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The phi phenomenon refers to the illusion of movement created by a sequence of rapidly presented visual stimuli, but in this case, the movement path is impossible. Movement aftereffects occur after prolonged exposure to a moving stimulus and result in a perception of movement in the opposite direction when a stationary stimulus is presented. Therefore, the best choice is B, as it describes the experience of perceiving the man moving through the chair, even though it is impossible. This is an example of the phi phenomenon.

Question 2

The autokinetic effect:

Accepted Answer

The autokinetic effect is an illusion in which a stationary point of light will appear to move in a dark room. This illusion causes activity in the brain area MT (middle temporal) which is responsible for processing motion and movement.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about induced movement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Induced movement is an optical illusion where a stationary object appears to move in the opposite direction of the background movement.

Question 4

When you look up into the dark night sky and fixate on a single star, it appears to move. This is called:

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is called autokinesis, where a stationary point of light in the dark appears to move due to the lack of reference points in the environment.

Question 5

As more stars appear in the sky:

Accepted Answer

The answer of As more stars appear in the sky:
...

Question 6

When clouds move in front of a full moon on a windy night, we perceive that it is the moon that is moving rather than the clouds. This is called:

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as induced movement, where an object appears to be moving due to the movement of another object nearby, in this case, the clouds moving makes the moon appear to be the one moving.

Question 7

When sitting inside your car in a parking lot, the car next to you backs up, giving you the perception that your car is actually moving. This is called:

Accepted Answer

The self-motion illusion is the perception that one is moving when one is actually stationary, caused by the movement of the surrounding environment.

Question 8

The illusion below is known as the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The illusion below is known as the:...

Question 9

If you were to look at a spiral that is rotating clockwise for a couple of minutes and then look at a stationary object (e.g., your hand), you would perceive the illusion that:

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the motion aftereffect or the waterfall illusion. Staring at a visual pattern moving in one direction for an extended period of time can cause the brain to adapt to that motion and perceive a stationary object as moving in the opposite direction (counter-clockwise in this case).

Question 10

After staring at the continuous movement of a waterfall for a few minutes, you look at a patch of nearby trees and perceive apparent movement. This is called:

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as movement aftereffects, which occur when prolonged exposure to a moving visual stimulus leads to the perception of movement in the opposite direction when viewing a stationary scene afterward.

Question 11

Movement aftereffects are most likely explained through:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Movement aftereffects are most likely explained through:
...

Question 12

Who has investigated motion perception with the chopstick illusion, the Flying Bluebottle illusion, and the footsteps illusion?

Accepted Answer

Stuart Anstis is known for his work in the field of visual perception, particularly in investigating how motion is perceived by the human brain. He has explored various optical illusions including the chopstick illusion, the Flying Bluebottle illusion, and the footsteps illusion, contributing significantly to our understanding of motion perception.

Question 13

Which theory of motion perception proposes that the visual system compares the movement registered on the retina with any signals the brain may have sent about eye movements and head movements?

Accepted Answer

The theory described here is corollary discharge theory, which proposes that the visual system compares the movement registered on the retina with any signals the brain may have sent about eye movements and head movements. This allows the brain to determine whether the movement is due to an external stimulus or self-motion. The computational approach suggests that the brain uses complex calculations to perceive motion, while the direct perception approach proposes that we perceive motion directly as it happens in the world. The energy model focuses on how energy changes over time, which can inform perception but is not specifically related to motion perception.

Question 14

According to __________________, when the comparison structure detects a difference between the image-retina system and the input from the eye-head system, we __________________.

Accepted Answer

According to corollary discharge theory, when the comparison structure detects a difference between the image-retina system and the input from the eye-head system, we perceive motion.

Question 15

In which of the following cases would the observer perceive motion?

Accepted Answer

When there is sensory input from the retina but no corollary discharge, the observer perceives motion because the brain interprets the retinal movement as external motion.

Question 16

Upon entering a room, you move your eyes to the left and notice a man sitting in a chair. According to corollary discharge theory, even though you have moved your eyes, you perceive that the man is not moving because:

Accepted Answer

According to corollary discharge theory, when we move our eyes, there is a signal sent to the brain called corollary discharge. This signal predicts the visual consequences of the eye movement. In this case, the corollary discharge predicts that the image of the man sitting in the chair will move to the right because of the eye movement. However, because the input from the image-retina system (the actual image of the man on the retina) and the eye-head system (the predicted image of the man based on the corollary discharge) are the same, we perceive the man as stationary. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Question 17

According to corollary discharge theory, if you are tracking the path of a hit baseball with your eyes, you can detect that it is moving because:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to corollary discharge theory, if you...

Question 18

Which theory of motion perception argues that the environment is rich with information about movement?

Accepted Answer

The direct perception approach argues that perception is not just based on incoming sensory information, but also on the individual's knowledge and experience. This theory suggests that the environment is rich with information about movement and that our brain uses this information to perceive motion.

Question 19

We can detect that an object is moving by comparing its movement to the movement of the background. This source of information from the environment deals with:

Accepted Answer

Relative movement involves comparing the movement of an object to the movement of the background to detect that the object is in motion. This is a fundamental aspect of how we perceive motion in our environment.

Question 20

You are standing on the sidewalk watching cars drive past you. In the process of moving down the street, a car blocks your view of the street sign on the other side of the street. This is called:

Accepted Answer

The situation described is called occlusion, which occurs when one object blocks the view of another object. The phi phenomenon refers to the illusion of movement created by rapidly flashing lights, looming describes the perception of an object moving closer, and disocclusion refers to the process of an object becoming visible after being occluded.

Quiz 8: Motion