Question 1

__________ are slightly ahead of __________ in early vocabulary growth.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that girls are slightly ahead of boys in early vocabulary growth. Studies have also found that language development is linked to social interactions, with outgoing toddlers often having larger vocabularies than their shy counterparts. There is some evidence that low-SES children may have smaller vocabularies than high-SES children, but this is a more complex issue that is influenced by a variety of factors.

Question 2

Young children often __________ deliberately because they have difficulty recalling or have not acquired a suitable word.

Accepted Answer

Young children often overextend words deliberately because they have difficulty recalling or have not acquired a suitable word. Overextension is when a child uses a word in a broader context than is appropriate, which is common in language development.

Question 3

Alice calls untying her shoelaces "opening" her shoes. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Alice is overextending the meaning of "opening" to include untying shoelaces, which is a broader meaning than the traditional meaning of "opening" a physical object.

Question 4

Which of the following is a toddler most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

Toddlers often use two-word phrases to communicate, and "Go car" is a common phrase for requesting transportation. Option A lacks a subject and doesn't form a complete sentence. Option C is grammatically incorrect ("my ball" would be more appropriate). Option D also lacks a subject and is not a complete sentence.

Question 5

Derrick speaks to his son using short sentences with high-pitched, exaggerated expression and clear gestures to support verbal meaning. Derrick is using __________.

Accepted Answer

Derrick is using infant-directed speech, which is characterized by short sentences with high-pitched, exaggerated expression, and clear gestures to support verbal meaning. This style is often used by caregivers when speaking to young children.

Question 6

Describe the social-interactionist view of language development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the social-interactionist view of language development....

Question 7

Miranda says "more apple." This two-word utterance is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Miranda's two-word utterance of "more apple" demonstrates the use of telegraphic speech, which is a simplified form of speech used by children in the early stages of language development. Telegraphic speech typically consists of short phrases or two-word utterances.

Question 8

At all ages, __________ develops ahead of __________.

Accepted Answer

Comprehension, or understanding language, typically develops ahead of production, or the ability to speak or produce language. This is true for all ages, not just for children learning language for the first time.

Question 9

Between 18 and 24 months, toddlers gain __________ words per __________.

Accepted Answer

Between 18 and 24 months, toddlers typically gain one to two words per day, reflecting a significant period of language acquisition.

Question 10

A young child makes an underextension error when she applies a new word __________.

Accepted Answer

When a young child makes an underextension error, she applies a new word too narrowly, meaning she uses the word only for a specific instance or item and does not extend the word to other similar items or experiences. For example, if a child learns the word "ball" and only uses it to refer to a specific toy ball, but not other types of balls like basketballs or soccer balls, this would be an underextension error.

Question 11

Sixteen-month-old Grayson uses the word "puppy" only to refer to his family's dog. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Underextension occurs when a child uses a word in a more restricted or narrower way than adults do, which is what Grayson is doing by using "puppy" to refer only to his family's dog.

Question 12

Infant-directed speech and parent-child conversation __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infant-directed speech and parent-child conversation __________.
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Question 13

Describe the signs of developmentally appropriate infant and toddler child care.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the signs of developmentally appropriate infant...

Question 14

Define the concepts of adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation. Explain how the balance between assimilation and accommodation varies over time with regard to cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the concepts of adaptation, assimilation, and...

Question 15

Mothers talk more to __________ than to __________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that mothers tend to talk more to their toddler-age daughters than to their sons. This may be due to societal norms and gender expectations, as well as differences in the ways that boys and girls tend to communicate and play.

Question 16

Recent evidence suggests that __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent evidence suggests that __________.
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Question 17

What are the two main problems that modern researchers have with Piaget's sensorimotor stage? What are his contributions to the field of research on infant cognition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the two main problems that...

Quiz 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

are slightly ahead of in early vocabulary growth.