Question 1

Gardner believes that __________.

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that there are eight different types of intelligence, each with a unique neurological basis and developmental course. He does not believe that emotional intelligence is highly correlated with general intelligence, and he critiques traditional intelligence tests for not adequately capturing the complexity of human behavior.

Question 2

Madison is strong in executive function, strategic thinking, knowledge acquisition, and cognitive self-regulation. According to Sternberg's theory, Madison is high in __________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Madison's strengths in executive function, strategic thinking, knowledge acquisition, and cognitive self-regulation align with analytical intelligence, which involves problem-solving, critical thinking, and logical reasoning.

Question 3

The Stanford-Binet and Wechsler intelligence tests __________.

Accepted Answer

The Stanford-Binet and Wechsler intelligence tests are often used to identify highly intelligent children and to diagnose children with learning problems. They are not primarily used for instruction planning and require extensive training for those who administer them. The child's behavior during the administration of the test is also often taken into account.

Question 4

The nonverbal subtests of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, __________.

Accepted Answer

The nonverbal subtests of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, are useful when assessing individuals with limited English. These subtests do not rely on verbal or language-based abilities, and instead assess spatial reasoning and visual processing skills. Therefore, they are particularly useful in assessing individuals who may have limited proficiency in English and may perform better on nonverbal tasks.

Question 5

Psychologist Arthur Jensen claimed that __________.

Accepted Answer

Arthur Jensen's research led him to conclude that heredity plays a major role in individual differences in intelligence and also accounts for some of the observed differences between ethnic and socioeconomic groups. He believed that genetic differences account for approximately 80% of individual differences in IQ, and that environmental factors account for only 20%.

Question 6

Which intellectual factor of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, is the most likely to contain culturally biased problems?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative reasoning is the most likely to contain culturally biased problems because it involves mathematical concepts and problem-solving, which can vary significantly across different cultures in terms of methods taught, emphasis, and familiarity with specific types of quantitative problems.

Question 7

According to the Flynn effect, __________.

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect refers to the observed trend of IQ scores increasing steadily from one generation to the next, suggesting that societal modernization and improvements in education and nutrition can have an impact on intellectual abilities.

Question 8

In Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence, intelligent behavior involves balancing __________ intelligences.

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory, there are three intelligences: analytical, creative, and practical. Intelligent behavior involves balancing and utilizing all three intelligences in a complementary way. Therefore, the best choice is D, analytical, creative, and practical. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not match the three intelligences in Sternberg's theory.

Question 9

On the basis of twin studies and other kinship evidence, researchers estimate that about __________ of the differences in IQ among children can be traced to their genetic makeup.

Accepted Answer

Twin studies and other kinship evidence suggest that genetics account for approximately 50% of the differences in IQ among children. However, it is important to note that environmental factors, such as education and upbringing, also play a significant role in shaping cognitive abilities.

Question 10

Among the Yup'ik Eskimo people of central Alaska, intelligent youths are those __________.

Accepted Answer

The Yup'ik Eskimo people of central Alaska value practical skills for survival in their environment, such as hunting, gathering, navigating, and fishing, as indicators of intelligence.

Question 11

Which statement is supported by research on group differences in IQ?

Accepted Answer

Research on group differences in IQ consistently shows that while there may be average differences between racial and ethnic groups, there is also significant overlap between groups and many minority individuals perform at or above the average of the majority group. Therefore, it is true that minority top performers are typically indistinguishable from top performers in the white majority. Option A is incorrect as while there may be slight average differences between different groups, it is not a consistent finding that Hispanic children score lower than African-American children. Option B is incorrect as there is significant evidence that environmental factors like education and socio-economic status play a significant role in determining IQ rather than just heredity. Option D is also incorrect as although SES plays an important role in determining IQ, research shows that it cannot be the sole explanation for the IQ gap between black and white American children.

Question 12

Dr. Whittier believes that many intelligence tests sample knowledge and skills that not all groups of children have had equal opportunity to learn. Dr. Whittier's belief reflects the controversial question about whether ethnic differences in IQ have to do with __________.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Whittier's belief that intelligence tests may be biased and not equally accessible to all groups of children suggests that ethnic differences in IQ may be related to test bias rather than heritability, multiple intelligences, or SES.

Question 13

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, __________.

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory argues that there are multiple intelligences beyond the traditional view of intelligence as measured by IQ tests. The theory suggests that cultural values and learning opportunities can affect the development and expression of different types of intelligence in individuals. Therefore, choice B is the best answer. Choices A, C, and D are not consistent with the theory of multiple intelligences.

Question 14

Luis tells detailed stories, interacts skillfully with other people, and engages in complex artistic activities. According to Sternberg's theory, Luis displays __________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Luis tells detailed stories, interacts skillfully with...

Question 15

In two investigations, African-American children adopted into economically well-off white homes during the first year of life __________.

Accepted Answer

Two investigations found that African-American children adopted into economically well-off white homes during the first year of life attained mean IQs of 110 and 117 by middle childhood, which is higher than the average IQ of the general population.

Question 16

On the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V), which intellectual factor emphasizes culture-dependent information?

Accepted Answer

Verbal comprehension emphasizes an individual's ability to understand and use language to acquire and convey information. This includes vocabulary, comprehension of verbal instructions, and cultural knowledge. Therefore it is the intellectual factor that emphasizes culture-dependent information.

Question 17

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory, the ability to solve novel problems involves __________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory, the ability to solve novel problems involves creative intelligence.

Question 18

Among school-age children and adolescents, measures of emotional intelligence are positively associated with __________.

Accepted Answer

Among school-age children and adolescents, measures of emotional intelligence are positively associated with leadership skills and empathy.

Question 19

Which American would be the most likely to mention cognitive traits when asked to describe an intelligent first grader?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that European-Americans are more likely to focus on cognitive abilities when describing intelligence, while individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds place greater emphasis on other traits such as motivation and social skills.

Question 20

Adoption studies reveal that __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adoption studies reveal that __________.
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Quiz 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood