Question 1

Techniques of neutralization:

Accepted Answer

Techniques of neutralization allow individuals to rationalize or justify their deviant behavior, thus maintaining a positive self-concept despite engaging in actions that might otherwise lead to guilt or shame.

Question 2

Describe the central tenets of status violation theory. How is the status characteristic "deviant" likely to compare to other status characteristics (e.g., male or female, White or racial/ethnic minority, high or low education)?

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Question 3

How might a college student use an appeal to higher loyalties to justify cheating on an exam?

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Question 4

List and describe the five techniques of neutralization identified by Sykes and Matza. Give an example of a situation in which you, someone you know, or someone you read about or heard about on the news used at least one of these rationalizations. Indicate which technique was used and the purpose it served. Why are techniques of neutralization so commonly used by individuals who engage in deviant behavior?

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Question 5

What is a degradation ceremony and what functions do these rituals serve? Give an example of a public degradation ceremony covered by the media.

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Question 6

Discuss the different ways that individuals manage stigma. How might the nature of one's stigmatized identity influence his or her selection of an impression management strategy?

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Question 7

Would a labeling theorist be surprised to hear that someone scored high on a measure of deviance but was never labeled as deviant? Why or why not?

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Question 8

Outline the labeling process with reference to the following key concepts: primary deviance, retrospective labeling, secondary deviance, deviant subculture, and self-fulfilling prophecy. Use this model to illustrate how labeling people as deviant alters their relationships with others and impacts their self-concepts and future behaviors.

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Question 9

How does labeling theory differ in focus from theories of the cause of deviance within sociological social psychology? Use labeling theory to illustrate the central tenets of the symbolic interactionist framework.

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Question 10

Compare and contrast symbolic interactionist approaches to the study of deviance and theories of deviance within social structure and personality.

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Question 11

Compare and contrast two of the theories of deviance within social structure and personality discussed in Chapter 9. Apply these two theories to college student cheating or to underage drinking.

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Question 12

Give an example of a situation in which formal, informal, and self-control are all likely to influence people's behaviors. Discuss how each form of social control would influence behavior within this context.

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Question 13

Compare the three forms of social control and the emotions through which they operate. Which form of social control is the most effective, and which form of social control is the least effective, in regulating people's behaviors? Explain.

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Question 14

What makes deviance a topic of interest to sociological social psychologists?

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Question 15

What do sociological social psychologists mean when they say deviance is socially constructed? What evidence do they have to support this assertion?

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Question 16

Status violation theory focuses on what happens in task groups when:

Accepted Answer

Status violation theory is based on the idea that when a group member violates the group's norms and is labeled as a deviant, it creates a status discrepancy and the individual's status is lowered within the group. This can result in the individual being ostracized, receiving less support and cooperation from other group members, and ultimately being excluded from the group.

Question 17

Status violation theory predicts that individuals who violate norms in task groups will:

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Question 18

A student who justifies cheating by saying that the tests, readings, and professors at his or her school are so bad that there's no other choice is using which technique of neutralization?

Accepted Answer

The student is denying responsibility for their actions by blaming the school's shortcomings as the reason for cheating.

Question 19

Sociological social psychologists have used _________________________ to explain college students' likelihoods of engaging in stalking and their reactions to being stalked.

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Question 20

Measures of differential associations are usually based on survey questions that ask adolescents about:

Accepted Answer

Measures of differential associations are usually based on survey questions that ask adolescents about their peer relationships.

Quiz 9: Deviance and Social Control