Question 1

Why do even minimal differences between individuals (e.g." differences in the ability to correctly estimate the number of dots on a computer screen) result in self-categorization and the formation of social identities?

Accepted Answer

People have a need to see themselves in a favorable manner in relation to others, which is the reason for self-categorization, and self-categorization enables people to focus on those aspects of the environment meaningful to the interaction at hand.

Question 2

Minimal groups are:

Accepted Answer

Minimal groups are created in the laboratory when a trivial distinction between individuals is made salient. These groups require little investment on the part of their members and are often used in social psychology experiments to study intergroup behavior and prejudice.

Question 3

Jane Elliott's eye color exercise" discussed in Chapter 5" shows that:

Accepted Answer

Jane Elliott's eye color exercise demonstrated that arbitrary characteristics, such as eye color, can be used to create social identities and divisions, highlighting how easily self-categorization and group identities can form.

Question 4

Most research on social identity theory is:

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory research is primarily experimental, as it often involves controlled experiments to study how individuals categorize themselves and others into groups and the effects of these categorizations.

Question 5

Hopkins and Moore found that residents of a Scottish town had more positive attitudes toward residents of a nearby English town after they compared:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hopkins and Moore found that residents of...

Question 6

Hopkins and Moore's field experiment focusing on residents of a Scottish town's perceptions of their English neighbors shows that social identities can be:

Accepted Answer

The experiment demonstrated that social identities can be primed, meaning they can be activated or made more salient in people's minds through certain stimuli or contexts.

Question 7

Greene's survey analysis within the social identity tradition suggests that identifying with a political party (categorizing oneself as a Republican or as a Democrat) increases positive attitudes toward that party and individuals' likelihoods of engaging in partisan political behaviors (e.g." campaigning for the party) What's interesting about Greene's findings is that having a partisan political identity affected party attitudes and partisan political behaviors:

Accepted Answer

Greene's findings showed that identifying with a political party had an effect on party attitudes and partisan political behaviors among individuals who had party affiliations of the same strength and similar political ideologies. This suggests that social identity plays a strong role in shaping political attitudes and behaviors among those who share similar political beliefs.

Question 8

The three theoretical frameworks within the group processes and structures face of sociological social psychology are expectations states theory" which includes status characteristic theory; social identity theory; and:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three theoretical frameworks within the group...

Question 9

One strength of research within the group processes and structures face of sociological social psychology is that it focuses on:

Accepted Answer

The answer of One strength of research within the group...

Question 10

Like research in social structure and personality" research with the group processes and structures face of sociological social psychology has been criticized for:

Accepted Answer

The face of sociological social psychology has been criticized for focusing primarily on structure and overlooking agency.

Question 11

As discussed in Chapter 5" the _______________________ of most studies in the group processes and structures face of sociological social psychology is both a strength and weakness of research within this orientation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As discussed in Chapter 5" the _______________________...

Question 12

Status beliefs are:

Accepted Answer

Status beliefs are the hierarchical component of cultural stereotypes, which is choice C, and they also refer to societal beliefs about the relative abilities of different groups, which is choice D. Therefore, the correct answer is E, both c and d. Choice A is incorrect because it refers to social categories, not status beliefs specifically. Choice B is also incorrect because it refers to group interaction, not status beliefs.

Question 13

When doesn't gender influence task-group members' perceptions and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

When all group members are the same gender, gender differences are less likely to influence perceptions and behaviors because there is no gender diversity to create potential biases or stereotypes.

Question 14

Discuss the two sources of power in power-dependence relations. Apply this model to one of your relationships (e.g." a dating relationship" a friendship" or a relationship with a boss or coworker) Who has more power" you or your relationship partner? Why is this the case?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the two sources of power in...

Question 15

Distinguish between negotiated and reciprocal exchanges. Give two examples of each type of exchange relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between negotiated and reciprocal exchanges. Give...

Question 16

What is network expansion? Discuss how this process can be used to increase an actor's power in a negotiated exchange.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is network expansion? Discuss how this...

Question 17

How do social exchange theorists define trust? When is trust likely to have negative consequences?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do social exchange theorists define trust?...

Question 18

Summarize the results of Sprecher's study on inequity in college students' dating relationships. In doing so" please distinguish between underbenefiting and overbenefiting inequity. Apply Sprecher's findings to your romantic relationship or the romantic relationship of someone you know (e.g." a friend" your parents" or another relative) Does this relationship fit the pattern observed by Sprecher?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the results of Sprecher's study on...

Question 19

Discuss the central tenets of social exchange theory. Apply the concept of equity to college students' dating relationships (from the article by Sprecher discussed in the text) How has social exchange theory been used to address more macro concerns?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the central tenets of social exchange...

Question 20

What are social identities and how are they formed? Why does self-categorization occur so readily across social settings? What functions does it serve?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are social identities and how are...

Quiz 5: Group Processes and Structure