Question 1

A flagellum moves a cell through a fluid medium.What moves the fluid medium across the surface of cells that are not free to move?

Accepted Answer

Cilia are responsible for moving fluid across the surface of cells that are not free to move. They are similar to flagella in structure, but shorter and more numerous. Centrioles play a role in cell division, thick filaments are involved in muscle contraction, and ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum are involved in protein synthesis and processing, respectively, none of which are directly involved in moving fluid across cell surfaces.

Question 2

Describe the composition and function of the extracellular matrix.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the composition and function of the...

Question 3

Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.Which of the following would be a likely product of these cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids, including steroid hormones. Therefore, it is likely that glandular cells with an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum would produce steroid hormones.

Question 4

Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells.The layers do not contain any blood vessels, and one surface of the cells faces the internal cavity of the organ.This tissue is probably

Accepted Answer

The presence of several layers of cells and the fact that one surface faces the internal cavity of the organ suggests that this tissue is an epithelium. Epithelial tissues in general have the characteristic of being layers of cells that form a barrier between two compartments (in this case, the internal cavity of the organ and the outside environment). Epithelial tissues are typically avascular, meaning they do not contain blood vessels, but receive nutrients via diffusion from underlying tissues.

Question 5

A layer of glycoproteins and a network of fine protein filaments that prevents the movement of proteins and other large molecules from the connective tissue to epithelium describes

Accepted Answer

The description matches that of the basal lamina, a layer of glycoproteins and fine protein filaments that separates the connective tissue from the epithelium and serves as a barrier for large molecules. Interfacial canals do not exist, the reticular lamina is part of the basement membrane, areolar tissue is a loose connective tissue, and endothelium denotes the inner lining of blood vessels.

Question 6

Increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat content in your body can increase ones use of energy.Why is this?

Accepted Answer

Muscle cells have more mitochondria, which are responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration, compared to fat cells. Therefore, increasing muscle mass leads to an increased metabolic rate and energy expenditure. Additionally, fat tissue is relatively inactive metabolically and requires less energy to maintain compared to muscle tissue, leading to a decrease in overall energy use with high fat content.

Question 7

Define, compare, and contrast each term listed, and explain how the terms are related to each other: tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define, compare, and contrast each term listed,...

Question 8

In a pancreatic cell producing digestive enzyme, you would expect to find an elaborate

Accepted Answer

The pancreas produces digestive enzymes, which are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before being packaged in vesicles and transported to the Golgi apparatus for further processing and sorting. The rough ER is necessary for protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes on its surface, which help in the production of digestive enzymes. Consequently, the best choice is A, as the pancreas cell producing digestive enzyme would have an elaborate rough ER to synthesize these proteins.

Question 9

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes are the cells found in cartilage, while osteocytes are the cells found in bone. Therefore, the best choice is D) bone.

Question 10

Which of the following cytoskeleton components are responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules are responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division, as they form spindle fibers that pull the chromosomes apart during mitosis or meiosis. Microfilaments and intermediate filaments are involved in other cellular processes, such as cell movement and maintaining cell shape. Thick filaments are found in muscle cells and are involved in muscle contraction. Therefore, the correct answer is D) microtubules.

Question 11

Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals an open framework of fibers with a large volume of fluid ground substance and elastic fibers.This tissue would most likely have come from the

Accepted Answer

The description matches areolar connective tissue, which is found in the subcutaneous layer separating skin from underlying muscles. It has a loose arrangement of fibers and a large amount of ground substance.

Question 12

If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to

Accepted Answer

Centrioles are responsible for organizing the microtubules that make up the spindle fibers during cell division. Without centrioles, the cell would not be able to properly divide its nuclei during mitosis or meiosis.

Question 13

The tissue(s)that is/are considered excitable because of the ability to generate electrical signals is/are called ________ tissue.

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue and neural tissue are both considered excitable because they have the ability to generate electrical signals. Epithelial tissue is not excitable.

Question 14

Plasma is to blood as ________ is to cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

Plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries blood cells and other substances. Similarly, cytosol is the liquid component of cytoplasm that carries organelles and other substances. Inclusions, organelles, and proteins are all components of cytoplasm, but they do not fulfill the comparison to plasma in the same way as cytosol. Serum is the liquid component of blood that is left when blood clots and is devoid of blood cells and clotting factors, so it does not compare to cytoplasm at all.

Question 15

Sketch a cell membrane.Label at least three components and briefly explain what each one does.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sketch a cell membrane.Label at least three...

Question 16

Mature nerve and muscle cells are expected to lack which organelle(s)?

Accepted Answer

Mature nerve and muscle cells are post-mitotic, meaning they no longer divide. As a result, they lack centrioles, which are involved in cell division. They still possess a nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and Golgi bodies to carry out necessary cellular functions.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is NOT True regarding mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria can replicate independently of the cell's nuclear DNA, as they contain their own DNA and machinery for replication.

Question 18

The distinguishing characteristic of connective tissue is

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue is characterized by the presence of extensive extracellular matrix. This matrix is made up of ground substance (which can be fluid, gel-like, or solid) and fibers, such as collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. The matrix separates and supports the widely scattered cells found within connective tissue. This distinguishing characteristic is unique to connective tissue and sets it apart from other tissue types.

Question 19

You are looking at a slide of an unknown organ that has an empty lumen with stratified squamous epithelium contacting the lumen.Deep to the epithelium is a basement membrane and then two layers of smooth muscle.Which of the following organs would this most likely belong to and why?

Accepted Answer

The features described in the slide, including stratified squamous epithelium with an empty lumen and smooth muscle layers, are consistent with the structure of the esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food and liquids from the pharynx to the stomach, and its empty lumen allows for the passage of food without absorption. The presence of two layers of smooth muscle also supports this identification, as the esophagus requires strong contractions to move food along its length.

Question 20

Which type of connective tissue does NOT fit with the typical characteristic of a dense ground substance?

Accepted Answer

Blood is a connective tissue that does not fit with the typical characteristic of a dense ground substance. Blood has a liquid or fluid ground substance called plasma.

Quiz 3: Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues