Question 1

The brain region called the _______ promotes REM sleep in large part by preventing motor neurons from firing.

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Question 2

Sleep _______ is treated with vasopressin, which reduces urine production.

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Question 3

Differentiate circadian, ultradian and infradian rhythms, and provide an example of each.

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Question 4

Create a short paragraph using the following terms: zeitgeber, entrainment, free-run, and phase shift

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Question 5

Researchers in one study transplanted the SCN of a fetal hamster with the tau mutation into the hypothalamus of a nonmutant adult hamster with a lesioned SCN. What was the purpose of this study, and what was the outcome?

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Question 6

Explain how gene mutations in tau and Clock affect circadian rhythms.

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Question 7

Which characteristic EEG pattern is seen during stage 2 sleep?

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Question 8

How do REM sleep and total sleep change across the lifespan?

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Question 9

Explain the niche adaptation concept of the biological function of sleep.

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Question 10

Briefly summarize the four neural systems that underlie sleep.

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Question 11

Why might it be risky to sleep with someone who has been diagnosed with REM behavior disorder (RBD)?

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Question 12

Compare and contrast sleep-onset insomnia and sleep-maintenance insomnia.

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Question 13

Describe research observations of mammals that indicate the existence of an endogenous clock.

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Question 14

Explain, using a diagram, the molecular basis of the circadian clock.

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Question 15

Name and describe the sleep stages of humans, including descriptions of EEG recordings and behavioral observations for each stage.

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Question 16

Describe the sleep patterns of infants, adults, and elderly people. Discuss why sleep patterns may change across the lifespan.

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Question 17

Describe the effects of long-term sleep deprivation on human health and performance.

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Question 18

Outline the four hypotheses that attempt to explain the biological function of sleep, citing research evidence in each case.

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Question 19

Give an overview of the connections between sleep and learning, citing experimental evidence in your answer.

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Question 20

Describe the four interacting neural systems that underlie sleep.

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Quiz 11: Biological Rhythms and Sleep