Question 1

Foucault's approach stresses the multiple ways in which individual subjectivities are organised and created, and the ways in which we act to shape our own conduct.

Accepted Answer

Foucault's approach emphasizes the complex ways in which individual subjectivities are constructed and shaped, and highlights the role of power relations, disciplinary practices, and discursive formations in organizing and regulating our thoughts, behaviors, and experiences. Moreover, Foucault argues that individuals are not passive objects of power but active agents who participate in and contest the norms and meanings that govern their lives. Thus, his approach underscores the need to cultivate critical self-awareness and to engage in reflexive practices that challenge dominant forms of knowledge and control.

Question 2

What were the ideas behind Jeremy Bentham's proposed inspection house or prison - the panopticon?

Accepted Answer

A,C,D

Question 3

Writers such as Foucault have described contemporary society as:

Accepted Answer

A,B,D

Question 4

What does the term 'net widening refer to?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the term 'net widening refer...

Question 5

What does the term 'mesh thinning' refer to?

Accepted Answer

Mesh thinning refers to the phenomenon where, once individuals are caught in the criminal justice system, they tend to experience increased levels of intervention and scrutiny (A), and populations that might have previously moved through the system more quickly are now held within it for longer periods (B). This concept contrasts with the idea of being treated more benignly, as it suggests a tightening rather than a loosening of control.

Question 6

What were the changes identified by Garland and Sparks (2000) that summarise the transition from modernity to late modernity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were the changes identified by Garland...

Question 7

What does it mean to say we live in a 'risk society'?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does it mean to say we...

Question 8

According to Garland why did 'penal-welfarism' go into decline?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Garland why did 'penal-welfarism' go...

Question 9

Why does O'Malley argue that there are close links between the socio-economic changes associated with neoliberalism and a host of changes in contemporary crime control or what he describes as an 'elective affinity'?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does O'Malley argue that there are...

Question 10

Changes connected with 'the coming of late modernity' include the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Changes connected with 'the coming of late...

Question 11

What did Foucault see as evidence of the shift from a corporal to a carceral system of discipline?

Accepted Answer

Foucault argued that the shift from a corporal to a carceral system of discipline is evidenced by the replacement of public forms of punishment (such as public executions) with private and apparently more civilised forms of regulation, such as imprisonment. Foucault also observed a growing knowledge of delinquency, but this is not specifically tied to the shift in forms of punishment. The idea of a civilising society is a broader concept that Foucault did not necessarily link directly to the development of the carceral system.

Question 12

The term 'responsibilisation' refers to the growing need for children to act as adults at an earlier and earlier age.

Accepted Answer

Responsibilisation refers to the process of making individuals or groups responsible for performing certain tasks or duties, often in the context of social policy or criminal justice, rather than specifically relating to children acting as adults at an earlier age.

Question 13

Shearing and Stenning claim that Disney World is similar to a prison.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shearing and Stenning claim that Disney World...

Question 14

According to Beck modern technology makes people feel less, not more safe.

Accepted Answer

According to Beck, modern technology has created new risks and uncertainties, which in turn make people feel less safe. So, the statement is true.

Question 15

According to Garland (2001) the decline of penal welfarism combined with
changes, including the make-up of families, the social organisation of cities, the power of the electronic media, and the extent of 'democratisation' in social life, provided the conditions in which a new 'culture of control' could emerge.

Accepted Answer

Garland argues that changes in society created the conditions for a new 'culture of control' to emerge.

Question 16

Accounts of the changing nature of the modern, developed world suggest the nation state is being undermined by:

Accepted Answer

The combination of globalising and localising forces such as international trade, technological advancements, and cultural exchange are eroding the power and sovereignty of the nation state. This is evidenced by the increasing importance of supranational organizations like the United Nations and the European Union, as well as the rise of regional identities and movements. While rising crime and immigration may have an impact on the nation state, they are not the primary drivers of its changing nature. Green criminology, which concerns itself with environmental crimes, is also not directly related to the erosion of the nation state.

Question 17

What has led to the rise of the 'information society'?

Accepted Answer

The rise of the 'information society' is largely attributed to the advancements in technology and the impact it has had on communication and transport. As technology has improved and become more accessible, it has enabled people to access and share information more easily, leading to the emergence of the information society. The other options, wider access to university education and an increase in global crime, may contribute to societal developments, but are not directly related to the rise of the information society.

Question 18

What is 'mass private property'?

Accepted Answer

Mass private property refers to privately-owned spaces that have general and routine public access, such as shopping malls or parks. Council houses and private gardens do not fit this definition.

Question 19

Foucault was primarily interested in:

Accepted Answer

Foucault's main interest was the power dynamics within society and how institutions, including the state, exerted control over individuals. His work focused on the ways in which power was exercised, rather than solely on crime or specific groups, such as women.

Question 20

What is at the heart of the new penology described by Feeley and Simon (1992)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is at the heart of the...

Quiz 17: Late Modernity, Governmentality and Risk