Question 1

Early tentative expectations are called:

Accepted Answer

Early tentative expectations are called hypotheses, which are proposed explanations made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Question 2

You go to your post office expecting mail and find some there.This is an example of what Tolman called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of You go to your post office expecting...

Question 3

For Tolman drive was important for:

Accepted Answer

Tolman believed that drive was important for performance, as it provided the motivation to translate learning into action, but he did not consider it essential for the learning process itself.

Question 4

can be thought of as learning that is not translated into performance.

Accepted Answer

Latent learning refers to knowledge that is acquired without any immediate expression of that knowledge through performance. It is learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and may not be immediately evident until a situation calls for it.

Question 5

According to Tolman, latent extinction results when:

Accepted Answer

Tolman's concept of latent extinction involves the process where an animal learns that a previously learned response will no longer be reinforced, without necessarily having to perform the response and experience the lack of reinforcement directly. This can happen through observation or inference, rather than through direct experience of the response not being reinforced.

Question 6

Spence felt that latent extinction resulted from:

Accepted Answer

Spence's theory of latent extinction suggests that it results from multiple factors, including the extinction of secondary reinforcers, revised expectancies about outcomes, and the reduced incentive to perform a learned response.

Question 7

Tolman's findings concerning place learning indicated that:

Accepted Answer

Tolman's research on place learning suggested that animals, such as rats in a maze, develop a cognitive map of their environment, allowing them to know the location of the goal and adapt their behavior to reach it even if the initial path is blocked or altered. This indicates that learning is not just about forming stimulus-response connections but involves understanding the environment in a way that enables flexible behavior changes.

Question 8

If, after a cognitive map has been formed, a commonly used means of obtaining food is blocked, the organism will:

Accepted Answer

Once a cognitive map is formed, an organism understands its environment well enough to navigate alternate routes to a goal (like food) if the usual path is blocked, without necessarily reverting to trial and error or other behaviors.

Question 9

Tolman and his colleagues found that when a rat was forced to take a relatively long route to a goal but was able to see the goal and was later given the opportunity to choose many routes to the goal, it would tend to choose:

Accepted Answer

Tolman's experiments demonstrated that rats form a "cognitive map" of their environment and will choose the most direct route to a goal when given the option, even if it is not the path they were trained to follow.

Question 10

? OBO symbolizes:

Accepted Answer

OBO stands for Oral-Based Orientation, which is a method of teaching that focuses on developing sensory differentiation and cumulative knowledge through oral exploration.

Question 11

The acronym "HATE" summarizes Tolman's variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The acronym "HATE" summarizes Tolman's variables.
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Question 12

For Tolman intervening variables were:

Accepted Answer

Tolman introduced intervening variables as theoretical terms to help explain the relationship between stimuli and responses in his cognitive maps theory. These variables are not directly observable but are used to understand and predict behavior.

Question 13

Maintenance schedule is related to which of the following intervening variables?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance schedule is related to demand as it involves the management and planning of tasks or actions aimed at preserving or improving the condition of a system or equipment, which directly influences the demand for such maintenance activities.

Quiz 12: Edward Chace Tolman