Question 1

Which of the following pathogens causes bronchiolitis?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis is most commonly caused by viruses, particularly the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).

Question 2

The nurse assessing a child with acute epiglottitis looks up the disorder as a review and is most likely to find which of the following classic symptoms associated with this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Acute epiglottitis is characterized by inflammation of the epiglottis, leading to symptoms such as respiratory distress, drooling (due to difficulty swallowing), fever, agitation, and lethargy. These symptoms reflect the acute airway obstruction and systemic infection associated with the condition.

Question 3

Which of the following therapies is the only specific therapy for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis?

Accepted Answer

Ribavirin (Virazole) is the only specific antiviral therapy for RSV bronchiolitis. The other options are supportive treatments but do not specifically target the virus.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a child who is on ribavirin. Which of the following people most need to be discouraged from visiting?

Accepted Answer

Ribavirin is an antiviral medication that can be teratogenic, meaning it can cause harm to a fetus. Therefore, pregnant health care workers should be discouraged from being exposed to environments where ribavirin is being administered to avoid any potential risk to their unborn child.

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis who is being managed at home. Which of the following strategies to foster adequate ventilation would be best for the nurse to suggest to the family?

Accepted Answer

Raising the head of the child's bed can help promote better breathing by allowing gravity to help keep the airways open, which is particularly beneficial in conditions like bronchiolitis that involve respiratory distress.

Question 6

Which of the following outcomes is the primary criterion for evaluating the resolution of ineffective airway clearance?

Accepted Answer

Clear airway sounds indicate that the airway is unobstructed and that the ineffective airway clearance has been resolved.

Question 7

Pneumonia in children appears:

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia in children can appear as a primary disease, where it is the initial illness, or as a complication of another disease, such as following a viral upper respiratory infection. This makes it not exclusively primary, secondary, or tertiary but rather it can be a primary condition or a complication, indicating its versatility in presentation.

Question 8

What is meant by the ventilation/perfusion ratio?

Accepted Answer

The ventilation/perfusion ratio refers to the comparison of alveolar ventilation (the amount of air that reaches the alveoli in the lungs per minute) to capillary perfusion (the amount of blood that reaches the capillaries surrounding the alveoli per minute). This ratio is crucial for efficient gas exchange in the lungs.

Question 9

The treatment of pneumonia most depends on:

Accepted Answer

The treatment of pneumonia primarily depends on the etiologic agent, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, because different pathogens require different treatments.

Question 10

Which of the following types of pneumonia would be treated with antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial pneumonia is caused by bacteria and can be treated with antibiotics, unlike viral or adenoviral pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia may require antibiotics if a bacterial infection is present.

Question 11

The nurse is assessing a child with a diagnosis of pneumonia. The child is taking shallow respirations. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Shallow respirations in a child with pneumonia are often an attempt to minimize pain caused by the inflammation of the lungs and pleura. Deep breaths can exacerbate the pain, leading to more shallow breathing patterns.

Question 12

The nurse is making home visits to a child who is being treated for a diagnosis of pneumonia. The nurse notices that the family has a large amount of garlic on hand. Which of the following most likely explains why the garlic is present?

Accepted Answer

Garlic is known for its natural antibiotic properties and has been used traditionally to treat coughs and other respiratory conditions, which aligns with its use in the context of treating pneumonia.

Question 13

Which of the following is an herbal substance that is mixed with water and taken orally to soothe and relax the airway and relieve cough?

Accepted Answer

Mullein is an herbal substance known for its soothing properties and is often used in teas to help relieve cough and relax the airway.

Question 14

Which of the following is the nurse's best course of action when he or she finds out that a family is using herbal remedies?

Accepted Answer

Questioning the caregiver about the herbs is important because some herbs can be unsafe or interact negatively with prescribed medications. It's crucial for healthcare professionals to be aware of all substances a patient is taking to provide safe and effective care.

Question 15

In assessing a client with allergic rhinitis and in teaching the caregivers, the nurse will keep in mind that perennial allergic rhinitis is most often related to sensitivity to which of the following allergens?

Accepted Answer

Perennial allergic rhinitis is typically related to allergens that are present year-round, unlike seasonal allergens that fluctuate with seasons. Indoor allergens like dust mites and mold are common triggers for perennial allergic rhinitis because individuals are exposed to these allergens consistently, regardless of the time of year.

Question 16

The nurse who is teaching the caregivers of children who are going to be skin tested for allergies will teach them to avoid giving the child which of the following medications for several days to weeks before the test?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines can interfere with allergy skin tests by preventing the skin from reacting to the allergens being tested, which could lead to a false negative result. Therefore, they should be avoided for several days to weeks before the test.

Question 17

The nurse who is teaching a caregiver about avoiding triggers of asthma for a child. The nurse will evaluate the caregiver as having understood the instruction when the caregiver comes back in 2 weeks and gives which of the following reports?

Accepted Answer

Choice C is correct because laundering bed linens and clothing in hot water (at least 54.4 degrees Celsius or 130 degrees Fahrenheit) is a recommended practice to kill dust mites, which are common triggers for asthma. The other options involve actions that could potentially increase exposure to asthma triggers: house plants can increase humidity and mold, allowing a cat in a carpeted room can increase exposure to pet dander, and opening windows can allow outdoor allergens such as pollen into the house.

Question 18

Which of the following conditions is the leading cause of pediatric chronic illness?

Accepted Answer

Asthma is the leading cause of chronic illness in children, affecting millions worldwide and significantly impacting their quality of life and healthcare systems.

Question 19

Which of the following statements best defines cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects the exocrine glands, leading to the production of thick, sticky mucus that can cause damage in multiple systems of the body, including the lungs, pancreas, liver, and intestines.

Question 20

Which of the following represents the life-expectancy of a child with cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Advancements in medical care and treatments have significantly increased the life expectancy of individuals with cystic fibrosis, with many living into their 30s and beyond.

Quiz 24: Respiratory Alterations