Question 1

Which treatment is the mainstay for nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroid therapy is the mainstay treatment for nephrotic syndrome, as it helps reduce inflammation and immune response, which are often underlying causes of the condition.

Question 2

You are the nurse assigned to work with a child with nephrotic syndrome. By following the prescribed treatment regimen, the child experiences a remission. You are now checking to make sure the child does not have a relapse. Which finding would most lead you to the conclusion that a relapse was happening?

Accepted Answer

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by high levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria), low levels of protein in the blood, high cholesterol, and swelling (edema). A relapse in nephrotic syndrome would be indicated by a return of significant proteinuria and edema, as described in option B.

Question 3

You are the nurse assigned to work with a child with nephrotic syndrome. The parents ask you about why their child is in reverse isolation. Which of the following is your best response?

Accepted Answer

Children with nephrotic syndrome are often placed in reverse isolation to protect them from infections due to their compromised immune system, especially when they are on treatments like steroids that further suppress their immune response.

Question 4

A child is recovering at home from nephrotic syndrome and is on a regimen of prednisone and antibiotics. The child's parents call the pediatric clinic and tell the nurse that their child is gaining a lot of weight. The nurse will first suspect which of the following possible causes of the weight gain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child is recovering at home from...

Question 5

In which of the following groups is hemolytic uremic syndrome, although rare, most often found?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is most often found in children ages 6 months to 3 years old. It is a condition characterized by the triad of hemolytic anemia, acute kidney failure, and low platelet count, often triggered by an infection, notably by certain strains of E. coli.

Question 6

Which of the following causes is associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is most commonly associated with infection by certain strains of Escherichia coli, particularly E. coli O157:H7, which produce Shiga toxin. Other pathogens can also be involved, but E. coli is the most common cause.

Question 7

Which of the following are prodromal symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic uremic syndrome often begins with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea (which may be bloody) and vomiting, potentially following an upper respiratory infection. These are considered prodromal symptoms that precede the more severe manifestations of the syndrome.

Question 8

Which of the following are the clinical manifestations of hemolytic uremic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by a triad of symptoms: renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and anemia.

Question 9

The nurse caring for a child with hemolytic uremic syndrome notices that the child's lab reports indicate a worsening anemia and a falling hematocrit and platelet count. The nurse will most need to plan some interventions to deal with which of the following problems that the child is most at risk of developing based on these changes in lab values?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by the triad of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and acute renal failure. The falling hematocrit indicates worsening anemia, and the dropping platelet count increases the risk of bruising, bleeding, and purpura due to the body's reduced ability to form clots.

Question 10

Which of the following conditions is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children, often triggered by an infection, leading to kidney damage.

Question 11

Which of the following indicates the type(s) of acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

Acute renal failure is categorized based on the location of the problem leading to kidney failure: prerenal (before the kidney, often due to decreased blood flow), intrarenal (within the kidney, due to damage to the kidney itself), and postrenal (after the kidney, often due to obstructions in the urinary tract).

Question 12

You are the nurse working with a child who has acute renal failure with diminished renal function. The physician orders two new antibiotics to be given stat to this child. What would you do now?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should verify if the antibiotics are excreted by the kidneys and consult with the physician and supervisor to ensure they are safe for a child with diminished renal function.

Question 13

The nurse is teaching a child and his family about medications for the child, who is getting dialysis. The nurse will teach the family which of the following?

Accepted Answer

If urine output diminishes, it may indicate a change in the child's condition, and the healthcare provider should be consulted before administering medication to ensure safety and appropriateness.

Question 14

The nurse is instructing a child and the child's family about dietary needs while the child is undergoing dialysis treatments at home. The nurse will instruct the family to provide which of the following types of diet?

Accepted Answer

Patients undergoing dialysis often require a low protein diet to help manage their condition. This is because the kidneys, which are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, are not functioning properly. A low protein diet helps to reduce the amount of waste that needs to be filtered, easing the burden on the kidneys.

Question 15

A child with acute renal failure will have the diagnosis reclassified to chronic renal failure then which of the following conditions is met?

Accepted Answer

Chronic renal failure is typically diagnosed when there is a significant reduction in kidney function (often less than 50% remaining) that persists for several months or more.

Question 16

Male children are less susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following rationales provide(s) evidence to support this finding? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Male children have a longer urethra, which reduces the likelihood of bacteria reaching the bladder. Additionally, secretions from the prostate have antibacterial properties that help protect against UTIs.

Question 17

An infant presents to the emergency room for evaluation for vague symptoms of discomfort. The infant's parent expresses concern that the infant has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following symptoms are indicative of a UTI in infants?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An infant presents to the emergency room...

Question 18

A nurse is providing education to the parents of a child with enuresis. The nurse is discussing the elimination of foods and beverages that are known irritants to the bladder. Which of the following should the nurse encourage the family to consider limiting? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Milk, cheese, colas, teas, oranges, and grapefruits are all known irritants to the bladder and should be limited in the diet of a child with enuresis.

Quiz 22: Genitourinary Alterations