Question 1

One day Lio is unable to climb a flight of stairs without stopping to rest.He then decides he needs to quit smoking.The inability to climb the stairs without resting is an example of a(n)____________________________.

Accepted Answer

The inability to climb the stairs without resting serves as a cue to action for Lio, indicating a direct experience that motivates him to consider quitting smoking. This is because it directly impacts his physical ability, prompting a realization of the need for change.

Question 2

Sally has learned her best friend contracted HIV through unprotected sex.From this point on Sally practices safe sex.Learning of her friend's infection is an example of a(n)_____________________.

Accepted Answer

Learning of her friend's infection acted as a cue to action for Sally, prompting her to change her behavior to practice safe sex. This is a classic example of how awareness of health risks in one's environment or social circle can motivate individuals to adopt healthier behaviors.

Question 3

Gary has just discovered that he has high cholesterol levels.His father had a heart attack at 50 years of age.Gary has decided to exercise regularly and to decrease his consumption of fatty foods.Gary is practicing which of the following types of prevention?

Accepted Answer

Gary is practicing secondary prevention, which aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. This is done by detecting and treating the disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress, prevent complications, and limit disability. In Gary's case, he is taking steps to manage his high cholesterol levels to prevent further health issues such as heart disease, which is a form of secondary prevention.

Question 4

According to the Health Belief Model,individual personality traits and social pressures are considered ________ variables linked to perceived risk for health problems.

Accepted Answer

The Health Belief Model considers sociopsychological variables, such as individual personality traits and social pressures, as factors that influence an individual's perceived risk for health problems. Demographic variables relate to characteristics such as age, gender, and race/ethnicity, while socioecological variables refer to factors such as socio-economic status and access to healthcare. Structural variables refer to larger-scale factors such as policies and regulations.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a benefit of improving one's cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

Improving cardiovascular health can lead to an improved ability to control and manage stress. This is because cardiovascular exercise has been shown to release endorphins in the brain, which can improve mood and reduce stress levels. Choices A, B, and C are all negative factors that could result from poor cardiovascular health, not benefits.

Question 6

Shelley's mother and aunt both died from breast cancer,and Shelley sees her doctor to discuss her risk for developing the disease.This would be an example of ________________________.

Accepted Answer

Perceived susceptibility refers to an individual's belief in their likelihood of developing a health problem. In this case, Shelley's family history of breast cancer likely influences her belief that she may be at increased risk for the disease.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a positive enabling factor to lose weight?

Accepted Answer

Enrolling in a pilates class is a positive enabling factor because it provides a structured exercise routine and accountability.

Question 8

According to the Health Belief Model,other factors linked to perceived risk for health problems include ______________________________.

Accepted Answer

According to the Health Belief Model, factors linked to perceived risk for health problems include demographic (such as age, gender, and ethnicity), sociopsychological (such as knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs), and structural (such as access to healthcare and resources) factors. Environmental factors may also play a role, but they are not specifically mentioned as a factor in the model. Intentional factors are not included as a factor in the Health Belief Model.

Question 9

The Theory of Reasoned Action states that our behaviours result from _____________________.

Accepted Answer

The Theory of Reasoned Action suggests that our behaviour is essentially determined by our intentions towards a particular behaviour. These intentions stem from our beliefs, attitudes, and norms related to a particular behaviour. Therefore, option C, which talks about intentions to perform actions, is the correct choice. Option A talks about modelling by significant others, which is one of the sources of beliefs and attitudes, but not the direct cause of the behaviour. Option B discusses changing actions with shaping techniques, which is a useful strategy, but not directly related to the Theory of Reasoned Action. Option D mentions structural variables, which might play a role in influencing behaviours, but not as directly as intentions.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an enabling factor?

Accepted Answer

An enabling factor is a circumstance or resource that makes it easier for a person to engage in a healthy behavior. Living near a walking path is an example of an enabling factor because it can make it easier for someone to start a walking program.

The other choices are not examples of enabling factors. Encouraging someone to quit smoking, decreasing fat intake when your parents own a fast food restaurant, and having been a college athlete before becoming sedentary may all be beneficial to overall health, but they do not specifically facilitate the adoption of a healthier behavior in the same way as an enabling factor.

Question 11

Jessie visits her doctor annually and she practices breast self-examination.Her sex is known as a ________ factor,which influences her behaviour-change decision.

Accepted Answer

Predisposing factors are personal factors that motivate an individual to change their behavior. In this case, Jessie's sex is a personal factor that motivates her to practice breast self-examination as part of her annual doctor's visit.

Question 12

Because both of Bly's parents are obese,Bly has a greater than average chance of becoming an obese adult.This is an example of ___________________________.

Accepted Answer

A predisposing factor is an inherent characteristic or condition that increases the likelihood of developing a certain health condition. In this case, Bly's parent's obesity is a predisposing factor for Bly to also become obese. The other options do not accurately describe this situation.

Question 13

Martin has set himself some goals for becoming more physically active.According to the stages of change,which stage is Martin at?

Accepted Answer

Martin has set specific goals for becoming more physically active, indicating that he is in the preparation stage. In this stage, individuals have decided to make a change and are actively planning to do so in the near future.

Question 14

An example of John's readiness to quit drinking is _________________________.

Accepted Answer

Making new friends who do not drink alcohol and complimenting him for not doing so shows that he is actively seeking out a social circle that supports his goal of quitting drinking. This is a positive step towards achieving sobriety. The other options, such as berating himself or struggling to change his attitude, do not necessarily indicate a readiness to quit drinking, while attending events where alcohol is served may be tempting and could hinder his progress.

Question 15

Marta,a physically active young adult,grew up in a family that was very active.They regularly went on hikes and bike rides together when she was a child.This is an example of _________.

Accepted Answer

Growing up in a family that was very active is a predisposing factor, as it set the foundation and created the conditions that encouraged Marta's physically active lifestyle.

Question 16

Living within walking distance of a fitness centre can improve your chances of maintaining your exercise program.What type of factor influencing behaviour change does this depict?

Accepted Answer

Living within walking distance of a fitness centre is an enabling factor as it provides the necessary resources and support to facilitate maintaining an exercise program.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a predisposing factor for smoking?

Accepted Answer

Growing up in a home where parents smoke is a predisposing factor as it creates a social norm and exposure to smoking behavior, making it more likely for an individual to start smoking themselves. Seeing a relative die of lung cancer (A) may act as a motivating or reinforcing factor to quit smoking, rather than a predisposing factor. Being aware of tobacco advertisements (C) may influence behavior, but it is not a direct factor that predisposes an individual to smoke. Working in a non-smoking area (D) is not related to smoking behavior.

Question 18

Hannah has been trying to adhere to a weight-loss program.Craving a snack at work,she heads to the vending machine to get a candy bar only to find all fattening snacks replaced with healthy ones.The switch to healthy snacks in the vending machines is an example of ______________.

Accepted Answer

The switch to healthy snacks in the vending machines acts as a reinforcing factor for Hannah to stick to her weight-loss program by making it easier for her to make healthier choices.

Question 19

Following attendance at a native-band-sponsored workshop on the perils of smoking,Evelyn is beginning to think about why she should quit this behaviour.At what stage,based on the Stages of Change model,is she in?

Accepted Answer

At the contemplation stage, a person is aware of the negative impact of their behavior but is still undecided on whether to change or not. In this case, Evelyn is beginning to think about quitting smoking after attending the workshop, which suggests that she is in the contemplation stage.

Question 20

Which of the following ideas describes tertiary prevention?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention refers to interventions that focus on reducing the impact of an existing disease or condition by preventing complications, promoting recovery, and improving quality of life. This involves treatment or rehabilitation efforts aimed at limiting the effects of a disease, which is described in option B. Option A refers to primary prevention, which aims to prevent a disease or condition from occurring, while option C describes secondary prevention, which aims to detect and treat a disease early before it progresses. Option D is not a feasible option for most diseases, as complete eradication is often difficult or impossible.

Quiz 1: Discovering Your Personal Rhythm for Healthy Living

One day Lio is unable to climb a flight of stairs without stopping to rest.He then decides he needs to quit smoking.The inability to climb the stairs without resting is an example of a(n) ____________________________.

Sally has learned her best friend contracted HIV through unprotected sex.From this point on Sally practices safe sex.Learning of her friend's infection is an example of a(n) _____________________.