Question 1

Some nutrients are toxic at higher levels and should be carefully monitored, such as which vitamin that can cause birth defects if its intake is excessive at conception?

Accepted Answer

Some nutrients are toxic at higher levels and should be carefully monitored, such as vitamin A, which can cause birth defects if its intake is excessive at conception. Excessive amounts of B6 can causes damage to sensory nerves, excessive calcium can increase risk of kidney stones, and excessive iron can interfere with absorption of other minerals.

Question 2

Which of the following is not descriptive of the health benefits of fiber?

Accepted Answer

All these answers are health benefits of fiber except that it does not cause constipation or proliferation of appendicitis-causing bacteria. In fact, it does the opposite. Along with the other answer choices, fiber helps retain intestinal health, regulates blood sugar levels, and improves absorption of other nutrients.

Question 3

Nitrogen balance is calculated using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen balance is calculated using protein intake, urinary urea nitrogen, and miscellaneous nitrogen losses. Nitrogen balance equals nitrogen intake (grams of protein) minus nitrogen losses (urinary urea nitrogen plus miscellaneous nitrogen losses). It is used to determine adequacy of protein intake and is a measure of overall nutritional status.

Question 4

Lactose intolerance is diagnosed by which of the following tests?

Accepted Answer

Lactose intolerance is diagnosed by a breath hydrogen test, which measures hydrogen produced by the action of intestinal bacteria on lactose, or by the lactose tolerance test, which involves the oral administration of lactose, followed by a blood test measuring blood glucose. A flat blood glucose curve indicates lactose intolerance, due to the body's inability to break down lactose into glucose and galactose.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of managers with a transformational leadership style?

Accepted Answer

Managers with a transformational leadership style encourage workers to do their best at all times. They set high standards for meeting the goals of the organization, both for themselves and their employees.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a feature of the National School Lunch Program?

Accepted Answer

The National School Lunch Program mandates that school lunches must provide 1/3 of a child's daily requirement for vitamin C, iron, and calcium, as well as calories, protein, and vitamin A. The US Dietary Guidelines must be used when planning meals, and the government provides both cash reimbursement and donations of supplemental commodity foods to schools.

Question 7

Hyperemesis gravidarum may be treated with:

Accepted Answer

Hyperemesis gravidarum (uncontrollable vomiting during pregnancy) is treated with small, frequent meals of bland carbohydrate foods, such as crackers and bread. Avoidance of caffeine and highly spiced foods is recommended. Use of enteral nutrition is considered when the condition cannot be managed with regular diet, and when dehydration and weight loss are present.

Question 8

Which of the following complementary treatments may be helpful for a patient with post-operative nausea and vomiting?

Accepted Answer

The complementary treatment which may be helpful in relieving post-operative nausea and vomiting is ginger. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that use of ginger lessens problems with nausea and vomiting in patients following surgery.

Question 9

A 43-year old woman with a long history of obesity and moderate hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance is referred to you by her primary care physician for nutritional counseling. The woman says she is not interested in following a diet and is not willing to commit to long-term counseling. What strategy would be most effective in working with her?

Accepted Answer

The strategy that would be most effective in working with this woman would be to suggest a few small beneficial changes that she can make on her own without changing her entire diet. Having success with a few manageable suggestions may motivate her to begin making other small health-related changes to her diet and lifestyle. Since she is not interested in any type of formal diet instruction, providing a 1200-calorie written diet plan or lecturing her about her health risks will only reinforce her resistance to change.

Question 10

Metabolism is largely influenced by which hormones?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism is largely influenced by thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are in charge of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. When thyroid hormones are released, they are regulated by the pituitary gland. Improper thyroid function can lead to low metabolism, fatigue, depression, and even weight gain.

Question 11

What is one effect exercise can have on insulin and glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Exercise can cause insulin levels to drop. As the intensity of exercise picks up, the body's cells increase their glucose uptake. The pancreas increases glucagon secretion to assist in supplying the body with blood glucose.

Question 12

What is the advantage of gluconeogenesis to a client seeking body fat reduction as their fitness goal?

Accepted Answer

The advantage of gluconeogenesis to a client seeking body fat reduction as their fitness goal is that it is a function caused by negative energy balance, causing amino acids to be used as an energy source, resulting in a caloric deficit and its resultant fat loss benefit.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon releases glycogen stores from the liver to raise glucose levels. It stimulates the liver to transform its glycogen stores back into glucose, which can then be released back into the bloodstream. Glucagon essentially serves the opposite function of insulin.

Question 14

What function does insulin serve for the body?

Accepted Answer

Insulin regulates energy and glucose metabolism throughout the body. After a meal, glucose enters the bloodstream, which causes a rise in blood glucose levels. The increased levels of glucose cause the release of insulin, which then causes the cells in liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up the glucose and store it as glycogen.

Question 15

What is considered to be the optimum training frequency per week in order to improve strength?

Accepted Answer

3-5 times weekly is considered to be the optimum training frequency per week in order to improve strength. There is no significant difference between 3 and 5 days with regard to strength gain. Though more calories may be burned, the actual increase in strength is negligible.

Question 16

What is the recommended daily intake of water?

Accepted Answer

8-12 cups is the recommended daily intake of water. Not only does water hydrate the cells, it also cools, provides elasticity to skin, flushes toxins, causes a feeling of fullness to prevent overeating, and improves metabolic function.

Question 17

What is one of the essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Lysine is one of the essential amino acids. Proteins need to be broken down into amino acids before the body can utilize them to build or repair muscle tissue. The function of amino acids depends on the body's needs at that particular time; these could include tissue addition, tissue repair, or energy.

Question 18

What is an example of an ergogenic aid?

Accepted Answer

Creatine is an example of an ergogenic aid. An ergogenic aid is, generally speaking, something that enhances performance. Athletes commonly use them to boost training capabilities.

Question 19

Which supplement is not considered likely to be taken in excess?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 is not considered likely to be taken in excess. There are no reports of excess oral intake. In fact, it is more likely that there would be B12 deficiencies in older populations that can actually mimic dementia or Alzheimer's disease symptoms.

Question 20

What is the recommended protein intake for an athlete who is primarily focused on strength training?

Accepted Answer

1.2-1.7 grams of protein per kilogram of bodyweight is the recommended daily protein intake for an athlete primarily focused on strength training. Exercise can affect the body's overall protein requirements because of the increased rate of protein turnover in lean body mass during the recovery period after a workout. If a strength athlete is participating in endurance activities as well, the upper level of protein intake would be recommended in most cases.

Quiz 1: The National Academy of Sports Medicine Nasm Fitness Nutrition Specialist