Question 1

A distributed system is defined as a collection of autonomous computers linked by a network with software designed to produce an integrated computing facility.

Accepted Answer

A distributed system indeed consists of multiple autonomous computers connected through a network, using software to ensure they function as a coherent system, thereby providing an integrated computing facility.

Question 2

A "glue" between client and server parts of application

Accepted Answer

Middleware is software that provides common services and capabilities to applications outside of what's offered by the operating system. It enables communication and data management for distributed applications, effectively acting as a glue between client and server parts of an application.

Question 3

The hardware of DS has two types

Accepted Answer

The hardware of Distributed Systems (DS) can be categorized into two main types: multiprocessor systems and multicomputer systems. Multiprocessor systems have multiple processors sharing a common physical memory, while multicomputer systems consist of multiple computers, each with their own memory, connected through a network.

Question 4

Process Fail - Stop in process omission faults

Accepted Answer

In a synchronous system, processes operate in lock-step with a global clock, making it easier to detect omission faults when a process fails to send or receive messages as expected. In asynchronous systems, there is no global clock, making it difficult to detect such faults.

Question 5

Distributed pervasive system is also known as

Accepted Answer

Distributed pervasive systems are synonymous with ubiquitous computing, which refers to the integration of computing into everyday objects and activities seamlessly.

Question 6

Type of cluster computing is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Type of cluster computing is
...

Question 7

Type of grid computing is

Accepted Answer

Collaborative grid is a type of grid computing where resources are shared across multiple organizations to achieve a common goal.

Question 8

Scaling transparency hides

Accepted Answer

Scaling transparency hides system expansion, meaning that the system can grow in size without the user being aware of the changes.

Question 9

The header usually consists of the following elements in IPC
I. Sequence number
II. Structural information
III. Address
IV. File mode(Read/ Write)

Accepted Answer

The header in Inter-Process Communication (IPC) typically includes elements such as Sequence number, Structural information, and Address to ensure proper data transmission and handling between processes.

Question 10

In RMI, the objects are passed by .

Accepted Answer

The answer of In RMI, the objects are passed by...

Question 11

What are the exceptions which have to be handled in a RMI client program?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the exceptions which have to...

Question 12

Transient communication done by layer

Accepted Answer

Transient communication, which involves the temporary exchange of information, is managed at the Transport layer. This layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and error recovery, making it crucial for establishing, maintaining, and terminating transient connections.

Question 13

The local operating system on the server machine passes the incoming packets to the

Accepted Answer

The server stub is the component in a server machine that receives incoming packets from the network, processes them, and then passes them to the server application. It acts as a mediator between the network and the server application, handling data unpacking and communication protocols.

Question 14

Machine that places the request to access the data is generally called as .

Accepted Answer

The machine that places the request to access the data is generally called a client machine. In client-server architecture, the client sends requests to the server, which then processes the requests and returns the data or service.

Question 15

---------------------provides programmers a familiar programming model by extending the local procedure call to a distributed environment

Accepted Answer

Remote Procedure Call (RPC) extends the local procedure call model to distributed environments, allowing programmers to execute code on a remote system as if it were a local procedure call.

Question 16

An architecture where clients first communicate the server for data then format and display it to the users, is known as

Accepted Answer

Client/server architecture involves clients requesting data from a server, which then responds with the data. The client is responsible for formatting and displaying this data to the user. This is a fundamental concept in networked systems where the server provides services or data to client applications.

Question 17

---------------- is an object acting as a gateway for the client side.

Accepted Answer

A stub is an object on the client side that acts as a gateway for method calls made on the client. It represents the remote object and is responsible for communicating with the skeleton on the server side, forwarding the client's request to the server.

Question 18

Message passing provides a mechanism to allow processes to communicate and to synchronize their actions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Message passing provides a mechanism to allow...

Question 19

Which of the following allocates/deallocates buffers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following allocates/deallocates buffers
...

Question 20

Which address is used to identify a process on a host by the transport layer?

Accepted Answer

The transport layer uses port addresses to identify specific processes or services running on a host. This allows for data to be directed to the correct application or process within a system.

Quiz 1: Distributed Systems and Communication Protocols