Question 1

Evolution of modern germ theory is credited to which of the following scientists?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur is credited with the development of the modern germ theory of disease, which posits that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. His research provided the scientific basis for the theory, disproving the concept of spontaneous generation and leading to significant advances in microbiology and hygiene.

Question 2

Which of the following theories is not a theory of disease causation?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is not a theory of disease causation; it refers to the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. The other options (Germ theory, Epidemiologic triangle, and Web of causation) are indeed theories or models that explain how diseases are caused or spread.

Question 3

Which disease causation theory posited that a specific organism was capable of causing an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

The Germ theory posits that specific microorganisms are responsible for specific diseases, a foundational concept in infectious disease causation and modern microbiology.

Question 4

In germ theory, for an infection to occur, the host must be susceptible to the organism. What is the term given for susceptibility in this theory?

Accepted Answer

Risk refers to the susceptibility of the host in germ theory, indicating the likelihood that an individual will be affected by an infectious agent.

Question 5

Which theory is based on the recognition that many health problems have multiple causes and there are rarely simple solutions?

Accepted Answer

The Web of Causation theory acknowledges the complexity of health issues by suggesting that many factors (biological, environmental, social, etc.) interact in complex ways to cause disease, indicating that there are rarely simple solutions to health problems. This contrasts with theories that might focus on a single cause or a simpler relationship between cause and effect.

Question 6

Which theory is founded on the progression of disease and discusses the two periods of natural disease, prepathogenesis, and pathogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The Natural History of Disease theory is focused on how diseases progress over time, including the stages of prepathogenesis (before the disease begins) and pathogenesis (after the disease process starts).

Question 7

A research study that focuses on the balance of fluid and electrolytes and the importance of maintaining that balance would be based on what theory?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the theory that explains the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, including the balance of fluids and electrolytes.

Question 8

Which theory was founded on the basis of dynamic equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the concept that was founded on the basis of dynamic equilibrium, referring to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 9

Which theory was developed by Walter Canon and is based on the body's fight or flight reaction?

Accepted Answer

Walter Cannon developed the theory of "fight or flight" as a part of his work on stress and adaptation, describing how animals (including humans) respond to threats by preparing for fighting or fleeing.

Question 10

A study conducted on the adjunct intervention, massage therapy, in children with cancer and the impact on the immune system response would be based on which theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A study conducted on the adjunct intervention,...

Question 11

A study conducted on the risk factors of specific birth defects born to parents with identified genetic markers would use which theory?

Accepted Answer

The study focuses on genetic markers and their relationship to specific birth defects, which directly relates to genetic principles and theory. This theory is concerned with how genes contribute to the development of diseases and conditions, making it the most relevant choice for a study on birth defects and genetic markers.

Question 12

Theories of cancer development suggest that cancer arises from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cancer is a complex disease that arises from multiple factors, including genetic errors, chemical irritants, and lifestyle choices.

Question 13

A nurse is conducting a research study on the use of oral sucrose prior to immunization for pain management. Which theory would be used?

Accepted Answer

The gate-control theory of pain suggests that pain signals passing through the nervous system can be modulated or blocked by gates within the system. Using oral sucrose for pain management in infants before immunization is thought to work through this mechanism, where the sweet taste can help to distract and soothe the infant, potentially altering pain perception through the central nervous system.

Quiz 14: Theories From the Behavioral Sciences