Question 1

From the list provided, select all viruses that have DNA as the genetic material. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Smallpox, Chickenpox, and Herpes viruses have DNA as their genetic material. HIV is an RNA virus, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is also an RNA virus.

Question 2

Transitional fossils help us to understand the process of evolution because (check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Transitional fossils help us to understand the...

Question 3

From the list provided, select the two circumstances necessary for evolution to occur.

Accepted Answer

Variation for a trait within a population is necessary for natural selection to act upon, and competition for resources drives the differential survival and reproduction of individuals, leading to evolution.

Question 4

Complement proteins enhance the innate immune response by (check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Complement proteins play a crucial role in the innate immune response by enhancing inflammation, lysing cells directly through the formation of the membrane attack complex, and marking cells for phagocytosis through opsonization.

Question 5

The following statements relate to either the innate or the adaptive system. Select the statement(s) that only apply to the adaptive immune system. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

- A) Antibody production is a specific function of the adaptive immune system, involving B cells that recognize antigens and produce antibodies specific to those antigens.- B) Cell-mediated immunity is a part of the adaptive immune system, primarily involving T cells that directly attack infected cells.- C) Antibody-mediated immunity, also known as humoral immunity, is specific to the adaptive immune system and involves the production of antibodies by B cells to neutralize pathogens.

Question 6

Common hosts for coronaviruses include (check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

Coronaviruses commonly infect humans and bats, with bats being a significant reservoir for many coronavirus strains.

Question 7

Which of the following are possible modes of transmission for SARS-CoV-2 from person to person? (check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

SARS-CoV-2 primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and aerosols when an infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezes, and can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. Blood contamination and mosquito bites are not recognized modes of transmission for this virus.

Question 8

Common symptoms of COVID-19 include (check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A dry cough, difficulty breathing, and chest pain are common symptoms of COVID-19. Pain while urinating is not typically associated with COVID-19.

Question 9

The most effective ways to prevent contracting and spreading COVID-19 include (check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

Covering your mouth, disinfecting surfaces, and getting vaccinated are effective measures to prevent COVID-19. A single-layer thin polyester mask may not provide adequate protection.

Question 10

Unlike DNA viruses, RNA viruses require alternate enzymes to replicate their genome. Why does this present a challenge for the RNA virus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike DNA viruses, RNA viruses require alternate...

Question 11

Describe the events of the inflammatory response and explain whether the inflammatory response is part of the innate or the adaptive immune system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the events of the inflammatory response...

Question 12

Explain the process of natural selection as a mechanism of evolutionary change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the process of natural selection as...

Question 13

During the hyperinflammation phase, the immune system sometimes produces an excess of ________blank, which has been linked to problems with the most severe forms of COVID-19 including organ failure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the hyperinflammation phase, the immune system...

Question 14

A nasal swab is an example of a ________blank COVID-19 test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nasal swab is an example of...

Question 15

Although he believed that all species were created at the same time, and that catastrophic events had caused some to go extinct, the work of ________blank showed a succession of different forms of life over time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although he believed that all species were...

Question 16

Almost every aspect of the biological sciences may be explained by the process of ________blank because it plays a role in all levels of biology, from cells, to the internal physiology of individual organisms, to the complex interactions of ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Almost every aspect of the biological sciences...

Question 17

The process whereby viruses evolve due to mutations in the genetic code that result in small changes to the surface spike proteins is called antigenic ________blank.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process whereby viruses evolve due to...

Question 18

The immune system works very closely with the ________blank system to return filtered fluid back to the circulatory system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The immune system works very closely with...

Question 19

The millions of species that inhabit our planet are the product of the process of ________blank.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The millions of species that inhabit our...

Question 20

The ability of the adaptive immune response to remember past exposures to pathogens is called ________blank.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of the adaptive immune response...

Quiz 4: Nutrient Types and Energy Processes