Question 1

Noah, a six-month-old baby, utters sounds such as "buh" and "duh." He says a string of single syllables without proper meaning. In this scenario, Noah is most likely ________.

Accepted Answer

Noah is in the babbling stage, a developmental stage where infants produce repetitive syllables, such as "buh" and "duh," that do not have specific meanings. This stage typically occurs between 6 and 9 months of age.

Question 2

Linguists define human language as a(n) ________ and ________ communication system.

Accepted Answer

Human language is defined as an open (capable of creating new meanings and messages) and symbolic (using symbols, such as words or signs, to represent ideas, objects, or actions) communication system.

Question 3

Which of the following is a term used by psychologists to describe an image or idea in the mind that stands for an external object or thing sensed in the past or future, not the present?

Accepted Answer

Mental representation is the correct term used by psychologists to describe an image or idea in the mind that represents something external, either from the past or anticipated in the future, rather than something directly present.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a scenario exemplifying the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. Terry being skeptical about flying after hearing about a plane crash is an example of the availability heuristic because the recent news story makes the risk of flying seem more significant or common than it is statistically.

Question 5

Most language theorists agree upon the perspective that ________.

Accepted Answer

Language acquisition is generally seen as a process involving innate abilities that are shaped and influenced by environmental factors, aligning with the interactionist perspective.

Question 6

In Carroll's classification, sequential reasoning for fluid intelligence, reading and spelling are a part of ________.

Accepted Answer

Sequential reasoning for fluid intelligence, reading, and spelling fall under the category of narrow intelligence according to Carroll's classification. This is because these abilities are specific skills or capabilities that can be distinctly measured and are not as broad as categories like abstract, kinesthetic, or emotional intelligence.

Question 7

Rachael is a 10-year-old girl. She imagines how her life will pan out in the next ten years when she attends college. Which term aptly describes Rachael's thought?

Accepted Answer

Rachael's thought process is an example of mental representation, which involves imagining or visualizing future events, scenarios, or outcomes in one's mind. This cognitive process allows individuals to use internal symbols or images to represent external reality or hypothetical situations, as Rachael does when she imagines her life in the future.

Question 8

Liam goes to a music store. Not knowing which DVDs to buy, he ends up buying DVDs of movies, trailers he has often seen on television. Which of the following indicates the judgment Liam uses when buying the DVDs?

Accepted Answer

Liam uses the availability heuristic, which is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. Since he buys DVDs of movies whose trailers he has often seen on television, he is influenced by the ease with which those specific movies come to mind, which is a classic example of the availability heuristic at work.

Question 9

________ are step-by-step formulas or procedures for solving problems.

Accepted Answer

Algorithms are defined as step-by-step procedures or formulas for solving problems, typically by a computer.

Question 10

Which of the following statements refers to the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The Whorf-Sapir hypothesis, also known as linguistic relativity, suggests that the structure of a language affects its speakers' world view or cognition, and thus, language shapes thought processes. This is encapsulated in choice D, which states that "Language creates thought as much as thought creates language."

Question 11

Which of the following refers to test "fairness?"

Accepted Answer

Test fairness involves applying test results in an impartial and equitable manner, ensuring that all individuals are treated equally and without bias in the interpretation and use of test scores.

Question 12

According to Raymond Cattell's theory of intelligence, ________ involves how fast you learn new things.

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence involves the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge, which includes the ability to learn new things quickly.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes Arthur Jensen's conclusions regarding IQ?

Accepted Answer

Arthur Jensen concluded that racial-ethnic differences in IQ scores must be at least partly genetic in origin, a view that sparked considerable debate and controversy in the fields of psychology and education.

Question 14

In the context of cultural views on intelligence, Asian cultures differ from American cultures in that Asian cultures emphasize ________.

Accepted Answer

Asian cultures often emphasize mindfulness, which involves awareness and attention to the present moment, as part of their cultural approach to intelligence.

Question 15

Which of the following is true for the mental age of a person?

Accepted Answer

Mental age is a concept used in intelligence testing and refers to the age level at which the average individual achieves a particular score. It is based on what most children at a particular age level can do, not on the average intelligence of all ages or the average of IQs.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about familial-cultural intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

Familial-cultural intellectual disability is often considered a mild form of disability that is influenced more by social and environmental factors, such as education and socioeconomic status, rather than direct genetic abnormalities. It does not specifically relate to having an extra chromosome, which is the cause of Down syndrome (described in D).

Question 17

Which of the following is an obstacle to successful problem solving whereby people grow a tendency to be blind to unusual uses of common, everyday things or procedures?

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used, which can hinder the ability to solve problems by finding new uses for familiar objects.

Question 18

According to the Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, who among the following is most likely to have high naturalistic intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Gareth, who is a farmer, is most likely to have high naturalistic intelligence according to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. This type of intelligence involves understanding and working with nature, which aligns closely with the tasks and skills required in farming.

Question 19

Which of the following is associated with crystallized intelligence rather than with fluid intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that are acquired throughout life. It includes things like vocabulary size, general knowledge, and factual information, which increase or remain relatively stable over time. Fluid intelligence, on the other hand, involves the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge, and includes abilities such as abstract reasoning, pattern recognition, and speed of learning.

Question 20

If language is defined as being "open," what does it mean?

Accepted Answer

Language being "open" means it can evolve and change over time, adapting to new needs, expressions, and influences. This openness allows for the dynamic nature of language, reflecting changes in culture, technology, and interaction among speakers. Fixed tenets, direct connections between sounds and ideas, and borrowing from other languages are not directly related to the concept of openness in the context of language evolution.

Quiz 9: Language, Thought, and Intelligence