Question 1

A team of nurses are working to improve the available healthcare in their community. Which factors should the nurses focus on to meet the recommendations made by WHO's Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH)? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The WHO's Commission on Social Determinants of Health recommends improving living conditions, ensuring equitable distribution of resources, and expanding knowledge of social determinants to address health disparities.

Question 2

The nurse is in charge of a local community program that uses a logic model as a planning and communication tool. Which key components should the nurse ensure to prioritize in this process? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Logic models in community health programs focus on planning and communication related to specific, local initiatives. Thus, milestones for completing a community health clinic (A), plans to conduct cholesterol screenings (B), the need for a nurse practitioner to manage the clinic (C), and possible locations for the health clinic (E) are all directly relevant to planning and implementing a local community health program. Malaria prevention programs for developing nations (D) might be important but are not directly related to the local community program's planning and implementation process unless the local community is in a developing nation specifically affected by malaria.

Question 3

The public health nurse is relocating to an underserved area. Which factors will the nurse most likely encounter in this area which most likely has numerous health inequities? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Health inequities are often characterized as being unfair and avoidable, and they frequently result from social injustices. These inequities are not natural or necessary but are instead the result of systemic issues that can be addressed and mitigated through targeted public health initiatives and policies.

Question 4

The nursing instructor has completed a session exploring the health impact pyramid with the class of nursing students. The instructor will determine the session is successful when the students correctly choose which changes in the environment will make the choice for a healthy behavior the default or easy choice? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A, B, and D are examples of changes in the environment that make choosing healthier behaviors easier or automatic. Iodization of salt helps prevent iodine deficiency disorders without requiring individuals to make daily decisions to consume iodine-rich foods. Restrictions on smoking in public places reduce exposure to secondhand smoke and make it easier for individuals to avoid smoking. Changing food manufacturing to eliminate trans fats reduces the population's intake of unhealthy fats without requiring individuals to read labels or make specific food choices to avoid trans fats.

Question 5

The county public health department leadership desires to ensure they are providing the best care possible. When utilizing the health impact pyramid as a guide, which actions would exemplify clinical interventions by the clinic? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Clinical interventions typically involve direct patient care, such as administering medications or treatments for specific conditions like diabetes and hypertension.

Question 6

The nurse prepares community program objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound (SMART) to help in planning interventions and establishing measurement systems to evaluate programs and outcomes. Which measurable objective should the nurse prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Option C is the only objective that is specific (targeting blood pressure in a specific age group at a specific school), measurable (aims for a 5% reduction), achievable (focused on a single, simple intervention), relevant (addresses a health concern within the specified age group), and time-bound (set for a specific day in March 2019).

Question 7

A nursing supervisor is concerned about the lack of healthcare for some community members. Which aspects of Lewin's change theory should the supervisor implement to encourage the healthcare team to make the desired changes to improve the availability of healthcare? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Lewin's change theory consists of three main stages: unfreezing the status quo, changing or moving to a new state, and refreezing to sustain the change. These steps are essential for implementing and sustaining change within an organization or community.

Question 8

A public health nurse is preparing to conduct a force field analysis of local healthcare. Which factor is the nurse prioritizing in this process?

Accepted Answer

A force field analysis involves identifying both the driving forces that push for change and the restraining forces that resist it, making option C the correct answer. This tool is used for understanding what factors are in favor of or against a particular change in various fields, including healthcare.

Question 9

The nurse researches whether the community would benefit from monthly blood pressure clinics. Which system level would such an intervention address?

Accepted Answer

Downstream interventions focus on individual-level health services and direct care, such as providing blood pressure clinics to address existing health issues.

Question 10

As an advocate for leukemia research, the nurse along with many others succeeded in urging the U.S. Congress to debate and vote on a bill that significantly increases federal funding for this research. Which system level would such an intervention address?

Accepted Answer

Upstream interventions address the root causes of health issues or work on policy and systemic changes to improve health outcomes. By influencing legislation to increase funding for leukemia research, the nurse is engaging in an upstream intervention aimed at creating systemic change to improve health outcomes for individuals with leukemia.

Question 11

A team of nursing students are preparing for a class project which will focus on social marketing. Which activities could the nursing students include in their project? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Social marketing in the context of public health focuses on promoting behaviors that improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities. B) promoting breastfeeding, D) illustrating the dangers of texting while driving, and E) encouraging condom use are all activities aimed at improving public health, making them suitable for a nursing students' project on social marketing.

Question 12

The nurse decided to approach local organizations for financial and in-kind support for a new community health initiative. Which local resources should the nurse prioritize? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse decided to approach local organizations...

Question 13

The nurse researches the role of nurse-managed health centers in the city. Which common characteristics of these centers should the nurse discover in this research? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Nurse-managed health centers are typically led by advanced-practice nurses and focus on health promotion, disease prevention, and health education. They provide clinical practice opportunities for nursing students and faculty and offer specialized programs to meet the needs of specific population groups, often including underserved or vulnerable populations, rather than serving upper-income mothers and children exclusively.

Question 14

The nurse is appraising the sources of funding for the local community health intervention program on smoking cessation. In the federal grant proposal, the nurse elaborates on all the various local organizations and private foundations that have pledged to support the program after initial funding from the grant ends. The nurse also points out the plan for ongoing fundraising efforts for the program for years to come. Which type of funding is the nurse attempting to organize?

Accepted Answer

The nurse is organizing sustainability funding, which refers to securing ongoing financial support to ensure the continuation of the program beyond the initial funding period. This is demonstrated by mentioning the support from local organizations, private foundations, and plans for future fundraising.

Question 15

After successfully implementing and managing a smoking cessation program in an inner-city neighborhood for 5 years, the group expands the efforts to include a nearby rural community. After a challenging first year, the nurse finds that with a few modifications the program is proving successful in the rural setting, as well. Which essential component of program design has been established by success in the rural community?

Accepted Answer

Program replication has been established by the success in the rural community, as the program initially designed for an inner-city neighborhood was successfully adapted and implemented in a different setting, demonstrating its ability to be replicated or modified for different populations or areas.

Question 16

The nurse evaluates the job descriptions of the community health workers who work with community health nurses and other members of the program team. Which responsibilities should the nurse discover in the job descriptions? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Community health workers often serve as cultural and language bridges, provide health education and outreach, and assist community members in accessing services. They do not perform minor surgical procedures or prescribe medications, as these tasks require clinical qualifications that community health workers typically do not possess.

Question 17

The nurse examines the logic model and formal evaluation plan of a grant proposal on a community rabies program. Which requirements should be included in the plan to support accountability? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse examines the logic model and...

Question 18

A nursing instructor is completing a class exploring the basic principles of starting various healthcare programs. The instructor will determine the class is successful after the students correctly choose which definition to best define program replication?

Accepted Answer

Program replication involves reproducing a successful program within a different community, maintaining the core components that made the original program successful while adapting to the new community's unique needs and context.

Question 19

The nurse is in the process of forming a coalition to support a community flu shot program. Which step should the nurse prioritize as part of this process? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The nurse should prioritize understanding how each member and their organization will benefit, understanding group dynamics and motives, and forming a diverse group that can work respectfully together.

Question 20

A nursing student is preparing a poster of various theories which are utilized in creating changes in the healthcare system. Which will best illustrate the systems theory?

Accepted Answer

Systems theory involves understanding how different parts of a system influence one another within a whole. In option B, the father's behavior is influenced by his daughter's learning, showing the interconnectedness and influence of different parts of a system (family, school, health education).

Quiz 9: Planning for Community Change

A team of nurses are working to improve the available healthcare in their community. Which factors should the nurses focus on to meet the recommendations made by WHO's Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) ? (Select all that apply.)