Question 1

In a Jantene procedure,which two vessels are anatomically switched?

Accepted Answer

In the Jantene procedure,the aorta and pulmonary artery are transposed.This procedure is useful in infants with a ventricular septal defect or a large patent ductus arteriosus.

Question 2

What procedure may have to be performed as a result of a child ingesting caustic agents that may burn the mouth,lips,pharynx,and esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Long-term gradual esophageal dilation with balloon catheters or bougies may be necessary to restore adequate oral intake after this traumatic injury.

Question 3

What type of shunt is placed when attempting to drain fluid from the ventricles to the right atrium of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Surgical treatment of hydrocephalus involves implanting a shunt that carries fluid from the lateral ventricle to the right atrium of the heart.

Question 4

During a pediatric bowel case,a surgeon may opt to use a ________ instead of a Richardson retractor to retract blood vessels or small structures.

Accepted Answer

Umbilical tape or vessel loops are used frequently to retract blood vessels and small structures,giving the surgeon greater visibility in a small surgical site and eliminating the weight of retractors.

Question 5

Choose the palliative procedure performed on an infant with transposition of the great vessels.

Accepted Answer

The Rashkind procedure involves placing a deflated balloon catheter into the right atrium through the foramen ovale and into the left atrium,where it is inflated and pulled across the atrial septum to create an ASD.

Question 6

Neonates born before completion of 37 weeks' gestation are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A true preterm's gestational age is less than 37 weeks.

Question 7

Talipes ________ means the forefoot is inverted and talipes ________ means the forefoot is everted.

Accepted Answer

In talipes varus,the forefoot is inverted and rotated,whereas in talipes valgus the forefoot is everted.

Question 8

Anorectal malformation occurs during what weeks of fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Anorectal malformation generally occurs during the 4th to 12th week of fetal development.

Question 9

Which type of tube is placed during a gastrostomy procedure?

Accepted Answer

Percutaneous placement of the gastrostomy tube (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy [PEG])is commonly performed.

Question 10

In the school-aged child,the most common cause for an abdominal surgical procedure is

Accepted Answer

Appendicitis,an acute inflammation of the appendix,is the most common cause for an abdominal surgical procedure in the school-aged child.

Question 11

Which is a congenital anomaly characterized by a fusion of two or more fingers or toes?

Accepted Answer

Syndactyly is a congenital anomaly characterized by fusion of two or more fingers or toes.

Question 12

Into what stage would Erikson place a 24-month-old child to determine his or her psychological development?

Accepted Answer

The characteristics of this stage are developing a two-way relationship with the primary caregiver,suffering separation anxiety when isolated from established relationships,personality becoming introverted or extroverted,establishing a sense of will,using sentences for communication,having fear of immediate threats,and not projecting thoughts beyond the present.

Question 13

Which type of injury is the leading cause of death in children?

Accepted Answer

Accidental injury is the leading cause of death in children.

Question 14

What are the two ways in which an atrial septal defect can be closed?

Accepted Answer

The opening in the septum between the left and right atria may be closed with suture,or a patch graft may be inserted.

Question 15

A newborn's heart rate ranges from

Accepted Answer

The heart rate of a newborn can range from 100 to 170 bpm.

Question 16

Which condition was mandated by the government and screened in schools at an early age?

Accepted Answer

Scoliosis is a lateral curvature and rotation of the spine,most frequently seen in rapidly growing school-aged children.The government has mandated a screening program in the schools.
REF

Question 17

When greater than ____ of estimated blood volume is lost,hypotension is apparent in the pediatric patient.

Accepted Answer

Hypotension in an infant is not apparent until 50% of the circulating volume is lost.

Question 18

Which is one of the seven physical anomalies referred to in the VACTERL association or syndrome?

Accepted Answer

VACTERL stands for vertebral defect,anal malformation,cardiac anomaly,tracheoesophageal fistula,esophageal fistula,renal anomaly,limb defect.The presence of three or more physical anomalies is referred to as the VACTERL association or syndrome.

Question 19

What valve allows normal blood flow between the right atrium and ventricle?

Accepted Answer

The right atrioventricular valve,also called the tricuspid valve,prevents blood from flowing backward.It sits between the right atrium and ventricle.

Question 20

When is pulmonary ventilation established?

Accepted Answer

At birth the pulmonary ventilation is established and the increasing pressure causes increased left atrial force that causes the foramen ovale to close.

Quiz 8: Perioperative Pediatrics