Athletes of ancient Greece from about 700 to 300 B.C. reportedly used hallucinogenic mushrooms, plant seeds, and ground dog testicles for ergogenic purposes, while Roman gladiator athletes ingested the equivalent of "speed" to enhance performance in the Circus Maximus (about 200-300 A.D.).

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Historical records and studies suggest that ancient athletes, including those from Greece and Rome, used various substances, some of which had psychoactive or stimulant effects, to enhance their performance in competitions. This practice indicates an early form of doping.

Athletes of Ancient Greece from About 700 to 300 B