Question 1

After being hit on the head,Jean-Luc has a memory problem.He cannot learn the names of new people that he meets.Fortunately,he can still remember details of his life prior to the head injury.Jean-Luc is most likely demonstrating ____.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is a type of memory loss that affects the ability to form new memories after a trauma or injury, while retrograde amnesia affects the ability to recall past memories. Proactive inhibition refers to the interference of old memories with the ability to form new memories, and the recency effect refers to the phenomenon where items at the end of a list are more easily remembered. Jean-Luc's difficulty in learning new names suggests that he is experiencing anterograde amnesia, which is commonly associated with head injuries.

Question 2

Jamie has had her hippocampus removed and cannot form new memories.Since the surgery,she spends time taking tennis lessons,although she can never remember the lessons afterwards them.After a month of lessons,her tennis ability will ____.

Accepted Answer

Jamie's ability to improve in tennis despite not being able to form new memories is due to procedural memory, which is stored and processed in different brain areas than the hippocampus, primarily the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Procedural memory involves skills and habits, which can be learned and improved over time through repetition, even without conscious memory of the learning sessions.

Question 3

Crystal is involved in a serious snowmobile accident.Immediately after the accident,she cannot remember the four days prior to the injury.As she recovers,she eventually remembers everything except the actual snowmobile ride that resulted in the injury.What condition did Crystal have?

Accepted Answer

Crystal's inability to recall events that occurred before her snowmobile accident indicates that she is experiencing retrograde amnesia. Anterograde amnesia involves difficulty forming new memories after an injury, while infantile amnesia refers to the inability to recall events from early childhood. Age amnesia is not a recognized medical condition.

Question 4

As Red ages,his ability to remember things is declining.His doctor believes that there is a biological reason for this deterioration and prescribes a drug to improve Red's memory.The doctor most likely prescribed a drug that would ____ the amount of _____ activity in the brain.

Accepted Answer

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is involved in memory, so increasing its activity would be the best option for improving Red's memory. Dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin have different roles in the brain and are not directly related to memory.

Question 5

Cicero,an imperial Roman orator,endorses a mnemonic strategy called the method of loci more than 2,000 years ago; the technique is still one of the most powerful known today.The method of loci involves ____.

Accepted Answer

The method of loci involves creating visual images associating list items with parts of a well-known place, such as a house or a familiar route. This helps with memory recall as the individual can mentally walk through the location and remember the items associated with each location.

Question 6

Trevor is in a car accident and receives a fairly serious head injury.Although he can remember his name and can recognize his twelve cats,he is unable to remember anything that has happened since the accident.Trevor is experiencing ____ amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories after an event, such as a head injury. Trevor is still able to remember things from before the accident, but has difficulty forming new memories. None of the other options accurately describe Trevor's amnesia.

Question 7

Aliens abducted Wally and destroyed his capacity to form any new episodic memories.In other words,they damaged Wally's ____,causing ____ amnesia.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is the brain region responsible for the formation of new episodic memories, and damage to it can result in anterograde amnesia, which causes an inability to form new memories. Retrograde amnesia, on the other hand, is the inability to recall events that occurred before the onset of amnesia. The hypothalamus is not involved in memory processing.

Question 8

Using the acronym OCEAN (Openness,Conscientiousness,Extroversion,Agreeableness,and Neuroticism)to remember the factors of the five factor model of personality is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

Using the acronym OCEAN to remember the factors of the five factor model of personality is an example of a mnemonic strategy, as it involves creating a memory aid that makes the information easier to recall.

Question 9

Jerzy suffers brain damage after falling off his bed.Now,whenever someone tells him something,Jerzy remembers it only briefly.He still believes he is eight,the age he was when he fell off the bed,even though years have passed.Jerzy's condition,anterograde amnesia,demonstrates that sometimes information can fail to be transferred from ____ memory to ____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is a type of amnesia that impairs the ability to form new memories after the onset of the condition. Short-term memory is responsible for storing new information for a brief period of time, and long-term memory is responsible for storing information for a more extended period. The failure to transfer information from short-term to long-term memory is the characteristic feature of anterograde amnesia, which is demonstrated in Jerzy's case.

Question 10

Lorenzo has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.This means that Lorenzo has ____.

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a deficiency in the effectiveness of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory and learning. The other options are not relevant to this disorder.

Question 11

Raquelle is in an accident that has damaged her brain,and lost her memory for all events occurring after her accident.Raquelle's accident has resulted in ____amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the loss of the ability to create new memories or learn new information after a brain injury or trauma. Since Raquelle has lost the memory for all events occurring after her accident, it is likely that she is suffering from anterograde amnesia. Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the brain injury or trauma. Primary and secondary amnesia are not recognized terms in the field of psychology.

Question 12

Brian is trying to remember the colors of the visible spectrum: red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,and violet.Brian decides to use the acronym ROYGBIV,which contains the first letter of each of the colors' names.Brian is using ____ to remember the colors.

Accepted Answer

Brian is using a mnemonic strategy, specifically the acronym ROYGBIV, to remember the colors of the visible spectrum.

Question 13

You decide that instead of writing down your grocery list,you want to try out one of the mnemonic strategies you read about in your textbook.To that end,you try to associate each item on the list with a different room in your house.Which mnemonic strategy are you using?

Accepted Answer

The method of loci, also known as the memory palace technique, involves associating each item with a specific location, such as a room in your house, and mentally walking through those locations to recall the information.

Question 14

Xandra is learning rapidly and storing new memories all the time.For her brain to store these memories,her neurons will have to ____.

Accepted Answer

To store new memories, Xandra's brain will need to form new synapses and change the function of existing synapses. This is part of the process of neuroplasticity, which allows the brain to adapt and learn based on new experiences. Myelination, stronger signals to the amygdala and hypothalamus, and increased release of dopamine may be involved in certain aspects of memory storage and retrieval, but forming new synapses and changing existing ones is the most crucial aspect for the storage of new memories.

Question 15

Oliver was in an auto accident and now has difficulty remembering anything new.He can remember everything prior to his accident,but nothing since it.His doctors suspect that his ____ has been damaged.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for the formation and consolidation of new memories. With damage to this area, a person can experience difficulty in forming and storing new memories while still retaining knowledge acquired prior to the injury. This matches Oliver's symptoms described in the scenario.

Question 16

Roderick falls off a ladder and sustains brain injuries.When asked about the events leading up to the accident,he says that he cannot remember.Roderick is most likely experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is characterized by the inability to recall events that occurred before the onset of the amnesia, which matches Roderick's inability to remember the events leading up to his accident.

Question 17

Shana cannot remember anything about the months prior to the plane crash she was in,nor can she remember anything about the accident itself.Shana is experiencing ____ amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is the inability to recall information that was learned before a traumatic event. In Shana's case, she cannot remember anything prior to the plane crash, indicating retrograde amnesia. Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories, hippocampal amnesia is a specific type of amnesia caused by damage to the hippocampus, and psychogenic amnesia is typically caused by psychological trauma and is not related to a specific event.

Question 18

Karim has brain surgery to alleviate his severe epilepsy,but during his recovery,it is found that he can form no new explicit memories.Which brain structure has apparently been damaged?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a crucial structure for the formation of new explicit memories, which are memories that can be consciously recalled and verbally reported. Damage to the hippocampus can result in anterograde amnesia, which is the inability to form new explicit memories after the injury or surgery.

Question 19

In a freak accident,Neeley damages her frontal cortex and is unable to remember anything that took place months before the accident.Neeley is suffering from ____.

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember events that occurred before a brain injury or trauma. This matches the description of Neeley's situation where she cannot remember anything that took place months before the accident. Anterograde amnesia, on the other hand, is the inability to form new memories after the onset of the amnesia. Korsakoff's psychosis is a type of amnesia caused by alcohol abuse and is not related to Neeley's situation. Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia that affects memory, but it is a progressive and degenerative condition and not caused by a sudden injury like Neeley's.

Question 20

Howard's hippocampus was destroyed.When you meet Howard,you teach him to play tic-tac-toe (which he has never played before).When you return to see Howard the next day,which of the following is most likely occur? (Assume that you explain the rules of tick-tack-toe to Howard again regardless of whether he recognizes you or the game.)

Accepted Answer

Since Howard's hippocampus is destroyed, which is responsible for memory formation, he wouldn't be able to remember meeting you or playing tic-tac-toe with you. However, learning a new skill such as playing tic-tac-toe would involve the use of other brain regions, such as the cerebellum and basal ganglia, so he would likely still be able to play the game even though he wouldn't recognize you.

Quiz 5: Memory