Question 1

After Eduardo takes a personality assessment based on the five-factor personality model,the results indicate he is a gregarious and outgoing person who gains energy from being with other people.In other words,Eduardo has scored high on the dimension of ____.

Accepted Answer

The five-factor personality model includes the dimensions of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Eduardo's results indicate that he is outgoing and gains energy from being with others, which aligns with the dimension of extraversion. Options A, B, and C are not applicable to Eduardo's results.

Question 2

Freudian theory has been criticized for which reason?

Accepted Answer

Freudian theory has been criticized for being unscientific and unfalsifiable, as many of its claims and explanations cannot be empirically tested or disproved. This has led some critics to argue that the theory is more like a philosophical or literary interpretation of human behavior rather than a scientific one.

Question 3

Reginald works at a local counseling center and one of his clients,Sara,is seeking help because she has never been able to maintain a long-term,satisfying romantic relationship.Reginald believes Sara's problem stems from an insecure attachment to her mother.Reginald is taking a contemporary psychodynamic approach to personality known as ____.

Accepted Answer

The contemporary psychodynamic approach of object relations emphasizes the importance of early attachments and relationships with significant others, particularly the mother figure, in shaping personality and subsequent relationships. This approach suggests that Sara's inability to maintain a satisfying romantic relationship may be rooted in her early attachment experiences with her mother, which may have influenced her expectations and behaviors in future relationships.

Question 4

Dr.Newhart identified 369 traits that are apparent in each individual's personality.He then used a mathematical tool that segregated the traits into fourteen trait clusters.In other words,Dr.Newhart used ____ to identify the trait clusters.

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is a statistical tool used to identify underlying factors or clusters in data. In this case, Dr. Newhart used factor analysis to segregate the 369 traits into fourteen trait clusters.

Question 5

After reading the Henry Potter books,Dawn describes Henry Potter as insightful,original,curious,and intellectual,as well as generous,kind,considerate,and forgiving.According to the five-factor personality model,Henry is high in ____ and high in ____.

Accepted Answer

According to the five-factor personality model, the traits insightful, original, curious, and intellectual are related to openness, while generous, kind, considerate, and forgiving are related to agreeableness. Therefore, Henry Potter is high in openness and high in agreeableness.

Question 6

Dilbert has many traits that help him to succeed at his job as an engineer.He is organized,efficient,dependable,thorough,and productive.According to the five-factor personality model,Dilbert is high in ____.

Accepted Answer

The traits listed (organized, efficient, dependable, thorough, and productive) all fall under the domain of conscientiousness in the five-factor personality model. This domain refers to individuals who are responsible, dependable, and achievement-focused. Dilbert's characteristics suggest a high level of conscientiousness, making choice C the best answer.

Question 7

Dr.Evil is finally captured and forced to undergo psychological testing.Dr.Evil's results reveal that he shows the characteristics of moodiness,anxiety,and restlessness.If the psychological test were based on Eysenck's biological trait theory,Dr.Evil has been assessed on the ____ dimension of personality.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's biological trait theory proposes that there are three dimensions of personality: extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-emotionality, and psychoticism. Dr. Evil's characteristics of moodiness, anxiety, and restlessness align with the neuroticism-emotionality dimension, indicating a tendency towards negative emotional reactivity and instability. Therefore, the correct answer is A) emotionality-stability.

Question 8

Dr.Wombles considers himself a psychodynamic personality theorist,but he believes that an individual's early relationships with significant people are more important than instinctual sexual impulses in shaping personality.Dr.Wombles focuses on the importance of ____ on personality development.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Wombles believes that an individual's early relationships with significant people are more important than instinctual sexual impulses in shaping personality, which aligns with the key propositions of object relations theory. Object relations theory emphasizes the importance of early caregiver-child relationships in shaping personality development, particularly in how individuals develop internalized representations of these early relationships (i.e., object representations) that influence their subsequent interpersonal experiences and relationships. Psychosocial stages and archetypes are more closely associated with other personality theories (e.g., Erikson's psychosocial theory, Jung's analytical psychology), while extraversion is a personality trait in a more trait-based approach to personality.

Question 9

Complete the following personal ad: Seeking an outgoing individual who enjoys social activities.Must also be adventurous and willing to try anything.In other words,must be high in ____ and high in ____.

Accepted Answer

The ad is looking for someone who is outgoing and enjoys social activities, which are traits of extraversion. Additionally, the ad mentions that the individual must be adventurous and willing to try anything, which are traits of openness. Therefore, the best choice is C- extraversion and openness.

Question 10

The results of Demetrius's personality assessment show that he scored low on extraversion and high on emotionality-stability.Which approach was Demetrius's assessment measure based on?

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's biological trait theory is based on two main dimensions of personality: extraversion/introversion and emotional stability/instability. This theory also includes a third dimension, psychoticism, which is not mentioned in the question. Therefore, Demetrius's assessment measure is most likely based on Eysenck's biological trait theory.

Question 11

Mookie is outgoing and sociable,seeks excitement,and loves a good time.According to Eysenck,Mookie's personality is a result of all of the following except ____.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's theory of personality focuses on the biological and genetic factors that influence individual differences in behavior. Specifically, he believed that personality traits such as extraversion are influenced by the sensitivity of an individual's nervous system to environmental stimulation, as well as their bodily reactions to stress. However, self-efficacy, or one's belief in their ability to succeed in a given task or situation, is not a factor emphasized by Eysenck in his theory.

Question 12

Karen Horney,a neo-Freudian,believes that ____ played a major role in personality development.

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney emphasized the role of cultural and social factors in shaping personality development. She believed that people are motivated by their need for social security and that their personality is shaped as they deal with the challenges of society. Horney's theory stressed the importance of childhood experiences, particularly the relationship between children and their parents, in shaping personality.

Question 13

Which of the following is not an assumption of the trait approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

Inconsistent or incompatible behaviors can be explained by situational factors rather than being a trait.

Question 14

Dr.Akash is a contemporary psychodynamic theorist who focuses on the attachment theory.Therefore,Dr.Akash would likely disagree with which statement?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Akash focuses on attachment theory, which emphasizes the importance of secure attachments in childhood for healthy adult relationships. Thus, Dr. Akash would likely disagree with the statement that missing the opportunity for secure attachment does not lead to severe disturbances in adult relationships.

Question 15

Object relations theorists focus on the influence of ____ on personality development.

Accepted Answer

Object relations theorists, such as Melanie Klein and D.W. Winnicott, emphasize the importance of early attachment relationships with caregivers in shaping personality development. They believe that the quality of these relationships influences a person's ability to form and maintain satisfying relationships in adulthood.

Question 16

Juno the Emperor Penguin was criticized in the Glacier Times as being untrusting,inconsiderate,and unforgiving of others.The Emperor's psychologist tells him that according to the five-factor personality model,he will likely score low on what dimension?

Accepted Answer

Agreeableness is a dimension of the five-factor personality model that encompasses attributes such as trust, kindness, and cooperation. Juno's criticism of being untrusting, inconsiderate, and unforgiving of others suggests that he may score low on this dimension.

Question 17

Val pries open her sister's diary and is shocked to read that her sister believes Val is an anxious,nervous,and tense person.Upset at this discovery,Val takes a personality test to prove she does not rate high on the dimension of ____.

Accepted Answer

The dimension of neuroticism is associated with traits such as anxiety, nervousness, and tense emotions. Val's sister's diary implies that Val is high on this dimension, so Val takes a personality test to prove otherwise.

Question 18

Andre is very organized and efficient but also very anxious and tense.On which two of the five-factor personality model dimensions would Andre rate highly?

Accepted Answer

Andre's traits suggest that he is organized and efficient which are characteristics of conscientiousness. He is also anxious and tense which are traits of neuroticism. Therefore, he would rate highly on both conscientiousness and neuroticism dimensions of the five-factor personality model.

Question 19

Amber says to her friend,"I don't know why you expect Simeon to change.The fact is people behave in stable ways." Amber most likely subscribes to the ____ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

The trait approach to personality suggests that people have consistent patterns in their behavior, thoughts, and feelings that are stable over time and across situations. Therefore, Amber's statement about people behaving in stable ways aligns with the trait approach. The other options (humanistic psychology, psychodynamic, and behavioral) do not necessarily focus on stability and consistency of behavior in the same way as the trait approach does.

Question 20

Keenan says,"Jolene is basically a shy person.She is efficient,concerned for others' welfare,and cheerful." Keenan has demonstrated a ____ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

Keenan is describing Jolene's personality traits, specifically her shyness, efficiency, concern for others' welfare, and cheerfulness. This aligns with the trait approach to personality, which focuses on identifying and describing consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that characterize individuals. The other options, including psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and humanistic, all focus on different aspects of personality, such as unconscious conflicts, thought processes, or self-awareness, respectively, and are not as applicable to this scenario.

Quiz 13: Personality