Question 1

Dr.Schwartz is a humanistic psychologist.As such,but he is least likely to believe that his ____.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal growth, self-awareness, and the ability for individuals to make conscious choices. It is less focused on unconscious sexual and aggressive drives, which are more central to psychoanalytic theory.

Question 2

In the course of therapy,Dr.Smith takes great care to let her clients feel that they are good people no matter what they say or do.Dr.Smith is demonstrating ____.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Smith is demonstrating unconditional positive regard, which means she accepts her clients without judgment or conditions, helping them feel valued and respected for who they are, not what they do or say. This approach is a foundational aspect of person-centered therapy, originally developed by Carl Rogers.

Question 3

Vaughn is a client-centered therapist who is seeing his first client.If he wants to convey congruence,Vaughn will need to ____.

Accepted Answer

Congruence in client-centered therapy refers to the therapist being genuine and authentic in their interactions with the client. This means that the therapist is transparent about their thoughts and feelings, and is not putting on a facade or pretending to be someone they are not. Creating conditions of worth (A) goes against the client-centered approach, as it involves imposing the therapist's values on the client. Paraphrasing (B) is a technique used to demonstrate empathy and understanding, but it is not the same as conveying congruence. Asking the client to engage in imaginary dialogue (D) is not a component of client-centered therapy, and may not be helpful in promoting congruence.

Question 4

At the Nova Clinic,a group of therapists specialize in modern forms of psychoanalysis that focus on helping clients overcome problematic effects that occur after childhood,such as conflicts with a spouse or job loss.Therefore,these therapists are practitioners of ____ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal therapy focuses on the relationships and interactions between a person and their environment, including their personal and professional relationships. This therapy is often used to address issues that arise due to life events, such as job loss or conflicts with a spouse, making it the best choice given the description of the therapists at the Nova Clinic in the question.

Question 5

Dr.Geiser treats her clients as equals.She feels that this is the first step toward helping the client improve.She claims that by making the client feel accepted and encouraged,the foundation has been laid for the client to improve.Dr.Geiser is most likely a ____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Geiser's approach reflects humanistic psychology, which emphasizes the importance of treating clients with empathy, acceptance, and a non-judgmental attitude in order to promote personal growth and self-actualization. This approach contrasts with behavioral psychology, which focuses on observable behaviors and conditioning, psychodynamic psychology, which focuses on unconscious conflicts and early experiences, and dispositional psychology, which emphasizes individual traits and characteristics.

Question 6

Anna is a neo-Freudian.She believes that personality,as well as the conflicts among the id,ego,and superego,derive from the need for supportive human relationships.She believes that the therapy situation should focus on things that have emotional significance for the client.Anna believes in ____.

Accepted Answer

Anna's emphasis on the importance of human relationships and emotional significance aligns closely with the principles of object relations therapy. This approach focuses on how early experiences with caregivers shape an individual's internalized "objects" (representations of important people in their lives) and subsequent relationships. Object relations therapists aim to help clients uncover and work through deep-seated conflicts and patterns in their relationships.

Question 7

Kayla is seeing a new client who has an extremely different set of beliefs than her own.When working with this client,Kayla feels she should be nonjudgmental and trusting,but she is having difficulty acting this way toward this particular client.In this situation,Kayla is therapeutically lacking ____.

Accepted Answer

Congruence is the ability to be genuine and authentic in one's interactions with others. In this case, Kayla is struggling to be congruent with her own beliefs and values when working with this client.

Question 8

Dr.D.Mento tells Marilyn that the source of her problems lies in a blocking of her growth potential.He says he can help her become aware of those blockages if she will take responsibility for her own actions.Mento most likely adheres to which approach to treatment?

Accepted Answer

Dr. D. Mento's approach, focusing on growth potential and personal responsibility, aligns with the humanistic perspective, which emphasizes self-actualization and personal growth.

Question 9

More recent forms of psychoanalysis are categorized as ____.These forms of therapy tend to be less intense than classic psychoanalysis and more appropriate for a broader range of clients.

Accepted Answer

Short-term psychodynamic therapy is a more recent form of psychoanalysis that is less intense than classic psychoanalysis and typically lasts only a few months. It is more appropriate for a wider range of clients, including those with milder or more situational problems. Ego analysis and Gestalt therapy are also forms of psychotherapy but are not specifically categorized as more recent forms of psychoanalysis. Mindfulness-based therapy is a type of therapy that emphasizes mindfulness meditation and is not specifically categorized as a form of psychoanalysis.

Question 10

Therapist: "I trust your judgment regarding continuation of your treatment.I want to help you become aware of your feelings and actions,but I know you can help yourself.I accept and support your decision." Which psychotherapist is most likely to say this?

Accepted Answer

This response reflects the humanistic approach, which places a strong emphasis on client autonomy and self-determination in the therapeutic process. The therapist is acknowledging the client's ability to take an active role in their own treatment and expressing support for their decisions.

Question 11

If a client is extremely quiet during a session of client-centered therapy,the therapist would most likely make which statement?

Accepted Answer

In client-centered therapy, it is crucial to respect the client's autonomy and allow them to lead the conversation. If the client is quiet, it is important for the therapist to maintain a non-judgmental and accepting attitude, and simply allow the client to speak if and when they feel ready to do so. Choice C is the only option that aligns with this approach.

Question 12

Part of client-centered therapy consists of the therapist treating the client as a valued person,regardless of what the client says or does.Approval is not necessary,but acceptance without judgment is.Which of the following therapist attitudes does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard is the therapist's ability to accept and support the client without any conditions or judgments. It involves valuing the client as a person, regardless of their behavior or beliefs.

Question 13

Imagine this conversation between a therapist and her client. Client: "I have so much pressure! Work,school,family,dating ...I wonder how I can get it all done!"
Therapist: "You seem to have a lot of demands on your time."
The therapist's comment demonstrates ____.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's comment shows that they are actively listening and reflecting back to the client what they are hearing. The therapist is acknowledging the client's feelings and concerns, which is an important part of therapy. Transference, unconditional positive regard, and congruence are not demonstrated in this brief exchange.

Question 14

During therapy,Serena's client was talking of how depressed she was when her mother died.Serena made eye contact with her client,nodded her head in an affirming way,and said,"It sounds like this was a real trying time for you.I can tell that you must have been very sad and upset by this event." What technique is Serena using?

Accepted Answer

Serena is showing empathy, by understanding and acknowledging the client's feelings and experiences. This is an important technique in building a strong therapeutic relationship and helping the client feel understood and validated. Active listening and paraphrasing may also be part of this technique, but the emphasis here is on empathy. Free association refers to a technique where clients speak freely about their thoughts and feelings, without censorship or judgment.

Question 15

Psychoanalysis is still used today but often in more flexible,adaptive ways.Which alternative is not a variation on psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy is not a variation on psychoanalysis. Instead, it is a humanistic approach developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes unconditional positive regard, empathy, and authenticity in the therapeutic relationship. The other choices all involve variations on psychoanalysis, including interpersonal therapy which focuses on relationships, individual analysis which is a traditional form of psychoanalysis, and object relations therapy which emphasizes early experiences with caregivers and their influence on later relationships.

Question 16

Horace's therapist says,"Okay,Horace.In your dream,you saw a wall between you and your children.Talk to that wall,tell that wall how you feel about it." Horace is most likely seeing a ____ therapist.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's instruction to Horace to talk to the wall is a hallmark technique of Gestalt therapy, which emphasizes direct experiencing and expression of emotions in the present moment. Psychodynamic therapy would focus on exploring unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences, client-centered therapy would prioritize empathetic listening and unconditional positive regard, and behavioral therapy would focus on modifying specific behaviors through conditioning techniques.

Question 17

Raphael is a humanistic psychologist who emphasizes client-centered therapeutic approaches in the tradition of Carl Rogers.His client,Corion,is coming to the first session of therapy.Raphael will try to ____.

Accepted Answer

Raphael's emphasis on client-centered therapeutic approaches in the tradition of Carl Rogers means that he will prioritize creating a safe and supportive environment for Corion to explore his feelings and experiences. This includes establishing an internal frame of reference characterized by empathy toward Corion, which is the hallmark of the client-centered approach. Raphael will not focus on developing a checklist of goals for Corion to achieve or correcting negative cognitive patterns. While he may encourage Corion's attention to the present moment, this is not the main focus of the approach.

Question 18

Theo believes that he is the mythological Norse god,Thor.He enters the client-centered therapist's office,waves a hammer in a threatening manner,and proclaims,"I am the god of thunder! He who does not bow before me will perish!" The client-centered therapist would most likely respond with which statement?

Accepted Answer

The client-centered therapy approach, developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence. The therapist's response, "You believe that you are quite powerful," acknowledges the client's feelings and perspective without judgment or confrontation, aligning with the principles of client-centered therapy.

Question 19

Iris's therapist points out that she is nervously laughing while telling the story of her friend's recent death.He has her engage in a dialogue with her laughter.Iris's therapist is most likely a ____ therapist.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's focus on having Iris engage in a dialogue with her laughter suggests that they are using Gestalt therapy techniques, which often involve helping clients to become more aware of and explore their emotions in the present moment.

Question 20

Mario tells his therapist,"I am so confused about what area I want to major in." His therapist says,"So,you seem to be having trouble deciding what to study." Mario's therapist has used which technique?

Accepted Answer

The therapist has used active listening by repeating and summarizing what Mario has said to him. This demonstrates that the therapist is paying attention and trying to understand Mario's problem, which can help build rapport and trust between them. Modeling involves demonstrating a behavior or skill for the client to imitate, congruence refers to the therapist's ability to be genuine and transparent in their interactions, and flooding is a technique used in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders.

Quiz 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders