Question 1

__________ impact(s) the concept of normalcy in the diagnosis of individuals who are receiving mental health services.

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed - culture, gender, and the risk of the abuse of power by practitioners - impact the concept of normalcy in the diagnosis of individuals who are receiving mental health services. These factors can influence how symptoms are interpreted, what behaviors are considered normal or abnormal, and the overall approach to treatment.

Question 2

In North America, practitioners' constructs of personality and psychopathology reflect White, male, Anglo-Germanic, Protestant individuals who are formally educated and middle class. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of culture-bound variables in diagnosis because it highlights how the constructs of personality and psychopathology are influenced by the specific cultural, ethnic, and socioeconomic background of a dominant group, in this case, White, male, Anglo-Germanic, Protestant individuals who are formally educated and middle class. This suggests that the diagnostic criteria and practices are tailored to the norms and values of this specific group, potentially overlooking or misinterpreting the expressions of psychopathology in individuals from different cultural or socioeconomic backgrounds.

Question 3

Overdiagnosis has been common for members of the following populations except

Accepted Answer

Overdiagnosis has been more commonly reported among African Americans, lesbians, and gay men, often due to biases and stereotypes in healthcare settings. White males, on the other hand, have not been widely identified as a group that is specifically prone to overdiagnosis in the same context.

Question 4

Feminist analysis requires the client to be responsible for

Accepted Answer

Feminist analysis emphasizes the empowerment of the client, encouraging them to take an active role in solving their concerns, which aligns with choice A.

Question 5

The __________ perspective asserts that the anger, depression, and discontent that result from the challenging and stressful life circumstances of women or other disadvantaged groups are reframed as medical or psychiatric symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The feminist perspective argues that the experiences and emotional responses of women and other marginalized groups to their difficult and stressful life situations are often medicalized or pathologized, rather than being understood as natural reactions to systemic inequalities and challenges.

Question 6

Substance abuse and gambling disorders have a higher prevalence rate in

Accepted Answer

Men in general have a higher prevalence rate of substance abuse and gambling disorders compared to women. This is consistent across various studies and reports, which show that men are more likely to engage in these behaviors and develop related disorders.

Question 7

Women have higher prevalence rates of

Accepted Answer

Women have higher prevalence rates of anxiety disorders compared to men. This includes generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Various studies and clinical observations support this gender difference in anxiety disorders prevalence.

Question 8

Regarding prevalence rates and diagnosis among school age children,

Accepted Answer

Boys are more frequently diagnosed with conditions such as ADHD during the elementary years compared to girls.

Question 9

According to the feminist perspective, early versions of the DSM as well as subsequent versions have been influenced by masculine-based assumptions regarding health and illness. This assumption is an example of

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the feminist perspective, early versions...

Question 10

According to research, sex bias in diagnosis results in women having higher prevalence rates of __________ disorders due to social conventions rather than medical disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to research, sex bias in diagnosis...

Question 11

Research on diagnosis and sex differences have found that social positions influence

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that social positions, such as being in subordinate or dominant roles, can influence the clinical presentation of individuals. This is because the stress and behaviors associated with different social positions can affect how symptoms manifest and are perceived.

Question 12

If a counselor is going to provide a comprehensive assessment, the counselor should consider __________ instead of solely identifying the criteria of various disorders and selecting the best fit.

Accepted Answer

Understanding the "total" person (mind and body) of the individual who is seeking services is crucial for a comprehensive assessment. This approach ensures that the counselor considers all aspects of the client's life and well-being, rather than just matching symptoms to a diagnostic criteria.

Question 13

Should a practitioner be the only individual who provides information regarding a client's diagnosis when conducting a comprehensive assessment?

Accepted Answer

Involving all parties in the clinical relationship, including the client, ensures a comprehensive understanding and approach to the diagnosis. This collaborative approach respects the client's perspective and enhances the accuracy and effectiveness of the assessment.

Question 14

Diagnosis is best described as

Accepted Answer

Diagnosis is a constructive, dynamic process that involves understanding the client's presenting concerns from various perspectives and incorporating multiple descriptions and explanations. It is not merely about applying a label from the DSM or relying solely on clinical hours or a static, logical process.

Question 15

The universal diagnostic model implies that all diagnostic categories and descriptions

Accepted Answer

The universal diagnostic model implies that all diagnostic categories and descriptions can be applied to all people regardless of situations and cultural variables.

Question 16

The culturally specific diagnostic model states that all diagnostic categories and descriptions

Accepted Answer

The culturally specific diagnostic model acknowledges that cultural variables significantly influence the manifestation and interpretation of symptoms, suggesting that diagnostic categories and descriptions cannot be universally applied without considering these cultural differences.

Question 17

An accurate assessment of emotion or behavior is NOT possible without an assessment of

Accepted Answer

Cultural schemas play a crucial role in understanding emotions and behaviors, as they influence how individuals express and interpret emotions within their cultural context. Without considering these schemas, assessments can be inaccurate or biased.

Question 18

Mental health professionals' ethical codes prohibit discrimination on the basis of

Accepted Answer

Mental health professionals' ethical codes, such as those from the American Psychological Association (APA) and other similar organizations, prohibit discrimination on the basis of age, race, disability, and other factors to ensure fair and equitable treatment for all individuals seeking mental health services.

Question 19

Framing the normal difficulties and developmental struggles of everyday life in a negative way is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Pathologizing refers to the process of viewing or interpreting behaviors, thoughts, or emotions as indicative of a psychological disorder or illness, even when they might be within the range of normal human experiences.

Question 20

With regard to sampling bias, all but which of the following has been raised as a concern?

Accepted Answer

The validity of the DSM's personality disorders (choice C) is not a concern related to sampling bias. Sampling bias concerns relate to how samples are selected and whether they accurately represent the broader population. The validity of the DSM's personality disorders is a separate issue, more related to the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic criteria rather than how research samples are chosen.

Quiz 18: Multicultural Diagnosis and Conceptualization