Question 1

Sickle cell anemia is a genetically inherited disorder of red blood cells. It results from a mutation in which of the following proteins?

Accepted Answer

In sickle cell anemia, a variant genetic structure of the hemoglobin molecule causes red blood cells to take up insufficient oxygen.

Question 2

Which of the following disease processes is characteristic of a sickle cell crisis?

Accepted Answer

Sickled blood cells can obstruct blood flow by forming clots in them, and cause body parts to be deprived of normal quantities of oxygen and nutrients.

Question 3

Insulin is produced by:

Accepted Answer

Insulin is a hormone normally produced by beta cells of the pancreas. When beta cells are damaged or diseased, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin on its own to regulate blood sugars and patients become hyperglycemic.

Question 4

In a child with Type 1 diabetes who presents with ketoacidosis, which of the following is the most critical treatment:

Accepted Answer

In diabetic keto acidosis, urgent treatments include intravenous hydration, intravenous insulin, the treatment of any underlying causes, and the correction of electrolyte imbalances.

Question 5

A diet that includes elevated quantities of total calories, glucose and fats promotes health in people with:

Accepted Answer

High calorie, high glucose and high fat diets contribute to many metabolic problems; they could make all of the diseases listed in this question worse.

Question 6

Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder. This means that an individual with sickle cell anemia:

Accepted Answer

The likelihood of transmission of a trait to the next generation depends both on whether the trait is dominant or recessive and on whether one's partner carries the same or different genes. Having a gene is no guarantee that it will appear in one's offspring, but it does may it possible.

Question 7

Some individuals who have serious childhood diseases display childish behaviors later in life when they become ill again. The resumption of immature behavior later in life is characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

When some people become anxious or ill, they revert or regress to behaviors from an earlier stage of development.

Question 8

Reckless or thoughtless disregard for the well-being of other people is characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personalities, sometimes referred to as psychopaths or sociopaths, do not empathize with other people and have no remorse when their actions cause injuries to others.

Question 9

After a long visit by her son a hospitalized woman appears to be well-oriented, calm, and attentive. Later that evening, she seems to be restless, confused, and hallucinating. This change in her mental status is typical of:

Accepted Answer

Delirium is a temporary, reversible alteration in consciousness that often worsens in the evening, or when a susceptible person becomes otherwise physiologically or psychologically stressed. Common precipitants of delirium are medications, social isolation, ICU care, and alcohol withdrawal. Delirium is more common in the elderly than in younger adults.

Question 10

A person who pretends to be ill, and is willing to undergo multiple unnecessary surgeries and procedures is most likely to have which of the following conditions:

Accepted Answer

Munchausen syndrome is a condition characterized by the fabrication of illnesses and the willingness to undergo unnecessary surgeries.

Question 11

A person with cirrhosis of the liver says he thinks his life-long struggle with alcohol contributed to his liver failure. You would best demonstrate the concept of "acknowledgment" for this individual by:

Accepted Answer

Respectful and nonjudgmental listening are the hallmarks of acknowledgment.

Question 12

After a cardiologist shows your client her angiogram and explains that she has three blocked arteries in her heart, your client becomes visibly agitated. She says, "That's impossible. I've never smoked and I don't have diabetes. You're wrong!" She says she will leave the hospital Against Medical Advice. Her response is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Rejection of obvious facts constitutes denial.

Question 13

As you approach a patient's private room, you hear him cursing repeatedly about the stress of his hospitalization. You knock and walk in and notice he is alone and talking to himself. He appears to be gnawing on his lip repeatedly, and frequently running his hand through his hair. You suspect he may have which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Tourette's syndrome is a condition in which people have verbal and physical tics. A person with Tourette's often demonstrates repeated gestures, or repeats meaningless sounds or expletives.

Question 14

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations are considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia, while withdrawal and flat affect are called negative symptoms of this disease.

Question 15

Mr. Anderson checks his mobile phone every few minutes to see how the stock market is doing. He also looks every few minutes for new text messages and e mails, then checks market prices again. His behavior suggests:

Accepted Answer

Repeatedly checking, fixing, or re-arranging things to the detriment of accomplishing other tasks reflects obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 16

A 6 year old boy becomes anxious, irritable, and withdrawn whenever his mother drops him off at school. He says he feels home sick, and appears unable to enjoy the friendship of his peers or concentrate on school work. His behavior suggests:

Accepted Answer

A child who is overly anxious or depressed when removed from familiar people or routines may need help coping with the anxiety of separation.

Question 17

A 65 year old foreign-born Registered Nurse, who is a strong team player and whose work is exemplary, has a chance meeting with her supervisor at a Continuing Education conference. Her supervisor expresses surprise that "she is still able to keep up" with her peers, and "still interested in nursing," because most older nurses "are put out to pasture" at her age. The supervisors comments suggest:

Accepted Answer

Ageism or age discrimination is a form of discrimination against others based not on their proven performance, but solely on their chronological age.

Question 18

For several months after a pregnancy that ends in miscarriage, a colleague appears to lose interest in work and family, and loses a lot of weight. She says she is always tired, cannot sleep well, and worries that she will never be able to have a family. She says she hasn't any interest in being social anymore, and often appears on the verge of tears. You are concerned she may have:

Accepted Answer

Tearfulness, loss of interest in activities, self-isolation, weight loss and sleep disturbances are characteristic of major depression.

Question 19

Of the following, the best example of unwarranted reassurance is:

Accepted Answer

Health care providers should strive to provide hope to their clients, but advising someone that they will improve when one knows that they will not is an example of unwarranted reassurance.

Question 20

When it is time to make decisions, Adele says she struggles. She can envision outcomes from her decisions that may be positive, and many that are negative, and she typically struggles to make up her mind. Adele's difficulties, which keep her repeatedly from making both simple and hard choices are typical of:

Accepted Answer

Ambivalence is an inability to make choices because consideration of the pros and cons of a decision lead to paralysis.

Quiz 2: Tabers