Question 1

Which of the following summarizes Kwame Gyekye's response to Socrates's question "Do the gods love holiness [the good] because it is holy [good], or is it holy [good] because the gods love it?"

Accepted Answer

Kwame Gyekye argues that the gods love the good because it is inherently good, aligning with the idea that moral values exist independently of divine approval.

Question 2

Which of the following organizations adopted natural law ethics in their Nuremberg Charter?

Accepted Answer

The United Nations adopted natural law ethics in their Nuremberg Charter, which was used to prosecute war crimes after World War II.

Question 3

What does it mean to say that natural law is teleological?

Accepted Answer

Natural law is considered teleological because it is oriented towards achieving certain ends or purposes inherent in the natural order.

Question 4

According to natural law ethicists, what is the relationship between human law and natural law?

Accepted Answer

Natural law ethicists believe that natural law is a higher, universal moral standard that human laws should reflect and be based upon.

Question 5

According to Henry David Thoreau, a criterion for civil disobedience is that:

Accepted Answer

Thoreau emphasized the importance of using moral and nonviolent means in civil disobedience to protest unjust laws, as reflected in his essay "Civil Disobedience."

Question 6

Which of the following is the best example of civil disobedience?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the best...

Question 7

Martin Luther King Jr. believed that:

Accepted Answer

Martin Luther King Jr. advocated for nonviolent resistance, inspired by Gandhi, as a means to combat oppression and achieve civil rights.

Question 8

What law did Susan B. Anthony, in 1872, protest as immoral?

Accepted Answer

Susan B. Anthony protested the law prohibiting women from voting by illegally casting a vote in the 1872 presidential election, arguing that it was immoral to deny women the right to vote.

Question 9

According to Thomas Aquinas's hierarchy of laws, _____ is the uncreated reason of God that guides the universe as it moves toward a particular goal or end.

Accepted Answer

Eternal law is the uncreated reason of God that guides the universe as it moves toward a particular goal or end.

Question 10

In the context of Catholic natural law ethics, with which of the following statements would Thomas Aquinas agree?

Accepted Answer

Thomas Aquinas believed that natural law is a part of divine providence and provides universal moral principles that are accessible to human reason and binding on all humans.

Question 11

In the context of natural law, the _____ states that an action which causes serious harm may be permissible if that harm is an unintended side effect of bringing about a particular good.

Accepted Answer

The principle of double effect is a concept in natural law that allows for actions that cause serious harm if the harm is an unintended side effect of achieving a good outcome.

Question 12

The just war theory is defined as a list of conditions in natural law theory to ensure that:

Accepted Answer

The just war theory outlines conditions under which war can be morally justified, focusing on humane conduct and the aim of establishing lasting peace.

Question 13

In the context of natural law theory, which of the following do natural law ethicists stand against specifically on the grounds that it involves the direct and intentional killing of a person?

Accepted Answer

Natural law ethicists oppose active euthanasia because it involves the direct and intentional killing of a person, which contradicts the natural law principle of preserving human life.

Question 14

Identify a common critique of natural law theory.

Accepted Answer

Natural law theory is often critiqued for assuming that human beings can perfectly discern moral laws through reason, ignoring the imperfections and biases in human reasoning.

Question 15

According to Thomas Aquinas's hierarchy of laws, the law that is least binding on humanity is _____.

Accepted Answer

Human law is considered the least binding as it is derived from natural law and can be changed or repealed by human authorities.

Question 16

_____, as outlined by Thomas Aquinas, directs humans and other creatures to their supernatural end, which consists of a vision of God and eternal blessedness.

Accepted Answer

Divine law, according to Thomas Aquinas, directs humans to their supernatural end, which includes the vision of God and eternal blessedness.

Question 17

According to natural law theory, cloning is immoral because:

Accepted Answer

Natural law theory often holds that actions are moral if they align with the natural order and purpose of human life. Cloning is seen as unnatural and disruptive to traditional family structures, which is why it is considered immoral under this theory.

Question 18

Identify the person who said each of the following.
-..there is in man an inclination to good, according to the nature of his reasons, which nature is proper to him: thus man has a natural inclination to know the truth about God, and to live in society...."

Accepted Answer

Thomas Aquinas is known for his philosophical and theological works, where he discusses natural law and the inclination of humans towards good, truth, and society, which aligns with the quote provided.

Quiz 9: Natural Law Theory: Morality Is Part of Rational Nature