Question 1

The solute of a solution is the component

Accepted Answer

The solute in a solution is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent, regardless of its phase (solid, liquid, or gas) or whether it is ionic or covalent.

Question 2

For solute particles to be soluble in liquid solvents

Accepted Answer

Solute particles are soluble in liquid solvents if they can interact with the solvent molecules through noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. The size of the solute relative to the solvent can influence solubility, but it is the ability to form these interactions that primarily determines solubility, not the specific size or the formation of covalent bonds with the solvent.

Question 3

In water, Vanillin, C₈H₈O₃, has a solubility of 0.070 moles of vanillin per liter of solution at 25C. What will be produced if 5.00 g of vanillin are added to 1 L of water at 25 C?

Accepted Answer

Vanillin is soluble in water, so it will form a homogeneous mixture.

Question 4

Which of the following ionic substances is insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

BaSO4 (Barium sulfate) is insoluble in water, which is a well-known exception in the solubility rules for sulfate salts.

Question 5

Which of the following ionic substances is soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is soluble in water because all nitrates (NO3-) are soluble, according to solubility rules.

Question 6

Identify the compound that is soluble in water.

Accepted Answer

Barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2) is soluble in water because all nitrates are soluble in water according to solubility rules.

Question 7

Identify the compound that is insoluble in water.

Accepted Answer

Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is insoluble in water, which is a well-known property of this compound.

Question 8

The net ionic equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO₃)₂, contains which of the following species?

Accepted Answer

The net ionic equation includes only the species that undergo a chemical change. In this reaction, Mg(OH)₂ is the precipitate formed, so it is included in the net ionic equation.

Question 9

The "bends" is a condition in which nitrogen gas is released from solution in the blood vessels of a scuba diver. It is caused by a diver rising too quickly to the surface of the water. This condition is explained by Henry's Law. The solubility of a gas in solution ___ as the pressure ___.

Accepted Answer

Henry's Law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of that gas above the liquid. Therefore, as pressure decreases, the solubility of the gas also decreases, leading to the release of nitrogen gas bubbles in the bloodstream, known as the bends.

Question 10

Oxygen dissolves in water to the extent of 6 mL O₂ per liter of water at 20°C and 1 atm pressure. Suppose the pressure were to be increased to 3 atm and the temperature is maintained at 20°C. How will the solubility of the oxygen be affected?

Accepted Answer

The solubility of gases in liquids increases with an increase in pressure, according to Henry's law. At 3 atm, the solubility of oxygen in water would be three times that at 1 atm, if the temperature remains constant.

Question 11

Unlike acetic acid (CH₂COOH), which is completely soluble in water, 1-hexanoic acid (CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH) is only slightly soluble in water because

Accepted Answer

The increased length of the carbon chain in 1-hexanoic acid increases its hydrophobic character, making it less soluble in water compared to acetic acid, which has a shorter carbon chain and is more hydrophilic.

Question 12

Which of the following is a general statement concerning the solubility of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Polar organic compounds dissolve best in polar solvents due to the "like dissolves like" principle, where substances with similar types of intermolecular forces (in this case, polar) are more likely to be soluble in each other.

Question 13

A compound is likely to be hydrophilic if

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic compounds are attracted to water, and this property is often due to the presence of polar groups within the molecule. Polar groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH) or carboxyl (-COOH) groups, can form hydrogen bonds with water, making the compound soluble or miscible in water.

Question 14

Soaps are amphipathic compounds. Which statement best describes them?

Accepted Answer

Soaps are amphipathic, meaning they have both hydrophobic (nonpolar) and hydrophilic (polar) ends. The hydrophobic end attracts nonpolar substances like oils and dirt, allowing them to be washed away.

Question 15

Based on its structure, menthol is expected to be ___.

Accepted Answer

Menthol is a compound that is largely nonpolar due to its structure, which consists primarily of a hydrocarbon framework with only a minimal number of polar functional groups. This makes it hydrophobic, as it does not mix well with water.

Question 16

Ethyl alcohol (CH₃CH₂OH) is completely soluble in water. It is made of both polar and non-polar groups. Ethyl alcohol is best classified as a(n) ___ substance.

Accepted Answer

Ethyl alcohol is amphipathic because it contains both a polar hydroxyl group, which is hydrophilic, and a non-polar ethyl group, which is hydrophobic. This allows it to interact with both polar and non-polar substances.

Question 17

A prodrug is

Accepted Answer

Prodrugs are pharmacologically inactive compounds that are converted into an active drug within the body through metabolic processes. This conversion can enhance the drug's efficacy, improve its delivery, or reduce side effects.

Question 18

A patient's blood test indicates that 1.00 mL of serum contains 0.00140 g of fibrinogen (a protein that aids in coagulation of blood). What is the concentration of the fibrinogen in mg/dL?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient's blood test indicates that 1.00...

Question 19

How many milliliters of 6.0 M HCl must be diluted to make 500.0 mL of a 0.10 M solution?

Accepted Answer

Using the dilution formula M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 = 6.0 M, M2 = 0.10 M, and V2 = 500.0 mL, we solve for V1: V1 = (0.10 M * 500.0 mL) / 6.0 M = 8.3 mL.

Question 20

What is the %(w/v) of a 1500mL solution containing 45 g of NaCl?

Accepted Answer

The percent (w/v) is calculated as the mass of solute (in grams) divided by the volume of solution (in mL) times 100. For 45 g of NaCl in 1500 mL, it's (45g / 1500mL) * 100 = 3.0%.

Quiz 6: Gases, Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions

The solute of a solution is the component

For solute particles to be soluble in liquid solvents

In water, Vanillin, C₈H₈O₃, has a solubility of 0.070 moles of vanillin per liter of solution at 25C. What will be produced if 5.00 g of vanillin are added to 1 L of water at 25 C?

Which of the following ionic substances is insoluble in water?

Which of the following ionic substances is soluble in water?

Identify the compound that is soluble in water.

Identify the compound that is insoluble in water.

The net ionic equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO₃) ₂, contains which of the following species?

The "bends" is a condition in which nitrogen gas is released from solution in the blood vessels of a scuba diver. It is caused by a diver rising too quickly to the surface of the water. This condition is explained by Henry's Law. The solubility of a gas in solution _ as the pressure _.

Oxygen dissolves in water to the extent of 6 mL O₂ per liter of water at 20°C and 1 atm pressure. Suppose the pressure were to be increased to 3 atm and the temperature is maintained at 20°C. How will the solubility of the oxygen be affected?

Unlike acetic acid (CH₂COOH) , which is completely soluble in water, 1-hexanoic acid (CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH) is only slightly soluble in water because

Which of the following is a general statement concerning the solubility of organic compounds?

A compound is likely to be hydrophilic if

Soaps are amphipathic compounds. Which statement best describes them?

Based on its structure, menthol is expected to be ___.

Ethyl alcohol (CH₃CH₂OH) is completely soluble in water. It is made of both polar and non-polar groups. Ethyl alcohol is best classified as a(n) ___ substance.

A prodrug is

A patient's blood test indicates that 1.00 mL of serum contains 0.00140 g of fibrinogen (a protein that aids in coagulation of blood) . What is the concentration of the fibrinogen in mg/dL?

How many milliliters of 6.0 M HCl must be diluted to make 500.0 mL of a 0.10 M solution?

What is the %(w/v) of a 1500mL solution containing 45 g of NaCl?

Quiz 6: Gases, Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions

The solute of a solution is the component

For solute particles to be soluble in liquid solvents

In water, Vanillin, C8H8O3, has a solubility of 0.070 moles of vanillin per liter of solution at 25C. What will be produced if 5.00 g of vanillin are added to 1 L of water at 25 C?

Which of the following ionic substances is insoluble in water?

Which of the following ionic substances is soluble in water?

Identify the compound that is soluble in water.

Identify the compound that is insoluble in water.

The net ionic equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3) 2, contains which of the following species?

The "bends" is a condition in which nitrogen gas is released from solution in the blood vessels of a scuba diver. It is caused by a diver rising too quickly to the surface of the water. This condition is explained by Henry's Law. The solubility of a gas in solution ___ as the pressure ___.

Oxygen dissolves in water to the extent of 6 mL O2 per liter of water at 20°C and 1 atm pressure. Suppose the pressure were to be increased to 3 atm and the temperature is maintained at 20°C. How will the solubility of the oxygen be affected?

Unlike acetic acid (CH2COOH) , which is completely soluble in water, 1-hexanoic acid (CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH) is only slightly soluble in water because

Which of the following is a general statement concerning the solubility of organic compounds?

A compound is likely to be hydrophilic if

Soaps are amphipathic compounds. Which statement best describes them?

Based on its structure, menthol is expected to be ___.

Ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH) is completely soluble in water. It is made of both polar and non-polar groups. Ethyl alcohol is best classified as a(n) ___ substance.

A prodrug is

A patient's blood test indicates that 1.00 mL of serum contains 0.00140 g of fibrinogen (a protein that aids in coagulation of blood) . What is the concentration of the fibrinogen in mg/dL?

How many milliliters of 6.0 M HCl must be diluted to make 500.0 mL of a 0.10 M solution?

What is the %(w/v) of a 1500mL solution containing 45 g of NaCl?

In water, Vanillin, C₈H₈O₃, has a solubility of 0.070 moles of vanillin per liter of solution at 25C. What will be produced if 5.00 g of vanillin are added to 1 L of water at 25 C?

The net ionic equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO₃) ₂, contains which of the following species?

The "bends" is a condition in which nitrogen gas is released from solution in the blood vessels of a scuba diver. It is caused by a diver rising too quickly to the surface of the water. This condition is explained by Henry's Law. The solubility of a gas in solution _ as the pressure _.

Oxygen dissolves in water to the extent of 6 mL O₂ per liter of water at 20°C and 1 atm pressure. Suppose the pressure were to be increased to 3 atm and the temperature is maintained at 20°C. How will the solubility of the oxygen be affected?

Unlike acetic acid (CH₂COOH) , which is completely soluble in water, 1-hexanoic acid (CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH) is only slightly soluble in water because

Ethyl alcohol (CH₃CH₂OH) is completely soluble in water. It is made of both polar and non-polar groups. Ethyl alcohol is best classified as a(n) ___ substance.