Question 1

The results of a correlational study indicate that first-born children make higher grades than second-born children. One can conclude that:

Accepted Answer

Correlational studies can show a trend or relationship between two variables, in this case, birth order and grades. The statement that more first-born children make higher grades than second-born children is a reasonable interpretation of a positive correlation between being first-born and achieving higher grades, without implying causation or universality.

Question 2

As you read psychological research, it is important to remember that

Accepted Answer

Psychological research often focuses on group-level phenomena to identify trends and patterns that apply to larger populations, rather than individual cases. This approach helps in understanding how certain psychological traits or behaviors are distributed across different groups of people.

Question 3

If a study demonstrates that boys are more aggressive than girls, you can conclude that:

Accepted Answer

This conclusion acknowledges individual variability within groups, recognizing that while on average boys may be more aggressive than girls, there are exceptions to the trend.

Question 4

With which of the following studies would you have the MOST confidence generalizing the results?

Accepted Answer

Larger sample sizes generally provide more accurate and reliable results, making it easier to generalize findings to a larger population.

Question 5

David is tired of being manipulated and influenced by sensational psychological findings presented by the media. What would you tell David to help him to become a wise consumer of psychological knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A single study rarely provides the final answer to a question due to the complexity of human behavior and the need for replication and verification by subsequent research.

Question 6

One of the most common mistakes made in the media when reporting on psychological studies is to:

Accepted Answer

The mistake of making cause-and-effect conclusions from correlational relationships is common in media reporting on psychological studies. Correlation does not imply causation, meaning just because two variables are related, it does not mean one causes the other. This nuance is often overlooked or misrepresented in media reports, leading to misinformation.

Question 7

Dr. Barrios specializes in the evaluation and treatment of people with serious psychological disorders, such as major depressions and bipolar disorders, but he is not able to prescribe medications. Dr. Barrios is mostly likely a:

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists specialize in the evaluation and treatment of psychological disorders and typically cannot prescribe medication, which aligns with the description of Dr. Barrios. Psychiatrists, on the other hand, are medical doctors who can prescribe medication.

Question 8

Dr. Mendelson is a physician who specializes in abnormal behavior and the use of psychotherapy. Dr. Mendelson is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists are physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, often using psychotherapy and medication. Unlike psychologists, psychiatrists have a medical degree, allowing them to prescribe medication.

Question 9

Ricardo has seen Dr. Ali because of depression. Dr. Ali has given Ricardo medication for his depression. Dr. Ali is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating mental health conditions. They are licensed to prescribe medication, which distinguishes them from psychologists and counselors who typically cannot prescribe medication.

Question 10

Dr. Hollingsworth works at the college mental health center, advising students about their personal problems and career planning, but is not able to prescribe medication. Dr. Hollingsworth is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Counseling psychologists focus on advising individuals on their personal and career issues but typically do not have the authority to prescribe medication, which aligns with the description of Dr. Hollingsworth's work.

Question 11

____________ is a branch of medicine that specializes in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy.

Accepted Answer

Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders, often involving psychotherapy and medication.

Question 12

According to your textbook, which of the following is a FALSE statement concerning National Support Groups?

Accepted Answer

National support groups often rely on peer support rather than professional leadership. While professionals may be involved, they do not typically serve as the leaders of these groups, which are usually led by members of the group itself.

Question 13

According to the ratings of 2,500 clinical and counseling psychologists, which of the following best-selling self-help books received a positive rating as being helpful for the reader?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the ratings of 2,500 clinical...

Question 14

According the ratings of 2,500 clinical and counseling psychologists, which of the following best-selling self-help books received a positive rating as being helpful for the reader?

Accepted Answer

"Feeling Good" by David Burns is highly regarded among psychologists for its practical application of cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques for depression, making it a recommended self-help book for individuals seeking to improve their mental health.

Question 15

Morgan is suffering from a mild depression and decided to use a self-help book to help her to better cope with life and relieve her depression. The type of therapy she is utilizing is known as:

Accepted Answer

Bibliotherapy involves the use of books and reading materials as a therapeutic intervention, which is what Morgan is doing to help cope with her depression.

Question 16

"This is the greatest self-help book I've ever read," says Belle. "The author really knows what she is talking about. She bases her advice on her own experiences." Based upon the guidelines presented in your textbook, Belle ought to be

Accepted Answer

The textbook likely advises skepticism towards advice based solely on personal anecdotes, as these do not necessarily provide a reliable basis for general advice applicable to everyone. Personal experiences can vary widely and may not be representative or scientifically validated.

Question 17

During a recent trip to the local bookstore, your attention is drawn to the Self-Help aisle. You see many different books on many different topics such as Your Inner Child, Taking Care of Unfinished Business, Letting Go of Your Emotional Baggage, and The Real You. Based upon the guidelines on self-help books in your textbook, you recognize these titles are probably examples of:

Accepted Answer

These titles suggest content that is likely to be vague, emotionally appealing, and not necessarily based on scientific evidence, which fits the definition of psychobabble.

Question 18

When choosing a self-help book, it is important to:

Accepted Answer

Self-help books that recognize the complexity of problems and their solutions are more likely to provide nuanced, practical advice that can be applied to a variety of situations. This approach acknowledges that issues cannot always be resolved with simple, one-size-fits-all solutions, making it a more effective choice for readers seeking guidance.

Question 19

Vivian would like to learn more about her anxiety problems by visiting a self-help web site. According to the guidelines for evaluating self-help web sites, which of the following would be considered a good source of information for Vivian?

Accepted Answer

The guidelines for evaluating self-help websites suggest looking for sites that provide evidence-based information, are maintained by reputable organizations or professionals in the field, and offer privacy protections. Options A, B, and C do not necessarily meet these criteria, making D the correct choice.

Question 20

According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT a guideline for evaluating self-help web sites?

Accepted Answer

The correct guideline for evaluating self-help websites is to look for websites that do have privacy policies or disclaimers, not to avoid them. Privacy policies and disclaimers are important for understanding how the site manages personal information and the scope of the advice provided.

Quiz 1: Adjusting to Life