Question 1

Monique developed a measure of religiosity and gave her instrument to her sample on two different occasions to see how reliable it was.Which type of reliability is reflected in this example?
A)test-retest
B)split-half
C)using established measures
D)research worker
E)others can also replicate your study

Accepted Answer

Test-retest reliability is demonstrated when the same test is given to the same group of people at two different points in time and the results are compared. It is used to determine the consistency or stability of a measurement over time.

Question 2

Indicators can be interchanged with one another because:
A)by definition all indicators follow the same level of measurement.
B)indicators are the same as the "real" definition of a concept.
C)all indicators are standardized to be rated from 1 to 5.
D)if indicators measure the same concept, the results should be the same.
E)indicators are not interchangeable.

Accepted Answer

If indicators measure the same concept, the results should be the same. However, it is important to note that while indicators should be consistent in measuring the same concept, they do not necessarily have to be interchangeable. Different indicators may capture different aspects or dimensions of a concept, and using multiple indicators can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the concept being measured.

Question 3

In order to determine if his uncle is a psychopath,Jerry interviews his uncle,who has a long criminal record.He compares the interview with other corroborating information (e.g.police reports,interviews with other family members and friends,etc),and applies the information to the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (a well-known 20-item scale for measuring psychopathy developed by a criminologist).In using a scale to determine whether his uncle is a psychopath,Jerry is studying ____________.
A)direct observables
B)indirect observables
C)constructs
D)concepts
E)conceptualization

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to determine if his uncle...

Question 4

Maurice is developing a new measure of psychopathy that he hopes to use in his research.His measure includes a series of psychiatric diagnoses and a well-thought out questionnaire.However,when compared to results of other proven measures of psychopathy,his results are incorrect.What kind of validity is lacking?
A)split-half validity.
B)construct validity.
C)face validity.
D)criterion-related validity.
E)content validity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maurice is developing a new measure of...

Question 5

A measurement that does not reflect the logical relationship between the variables lacks what kind of validity?
A)construct validity
B)face validity
C)criterion-related validity
D)content validity
E)split-half validity

Accepted Answer

Construct validity is the degree to which a measure reflects the theoretical construct that it is intended to measure. If a measurement does not reflect the logical relationship between the variables, it lacks construct validity. Face validity refers to the extent to which a measure appears to assess what it is intended to measure, and is not directly related to the logical relationship between variables. Criterion-related validity is the extent to which a measure is related to an outcome or criterion variable, and content validity refers to the extent to which a measure adequately covers all aspects of the construct being measured. Split-half validity is a method of assessing internal consistency reliability.

Question 6

When you are worried about whether you will get the same results if you repeat your experiment again in the future,you are worried about _________.
A)internal validity
B)external validity
C)reliability
D)theory
E)content validity

Accepted Answer

The concern about whether the same results will be obtained if the experiment is repeated in the future is related to reliability. Reliability refers to the consistency of results obtained from an experiment or study when it is conducted multiple times. Internal validity relates to whether an experiment or study measures what it intends to measure, external validity refers to the generalizability of findings to other populations or situations, theory refers to an explanation for the results, and content validity is related to whether a test measures the intended content or construct.

Question 7

A weighing scale that consistently tells Susie that she is 115 pounds-5 pounds lighter than she really is-every time she stands on the scale is __________,but not _____________.
A)valid; reliable
B)not valid; reliable
C)not reliable; valid
D)reliable; valid
E)wrong; reliable

Accepted Answer

The answer of A weighing scale that consistently tells Susie...

Question 8

A measure of recidivism risk for juveniles completing a diversionary program instead of a traditional residential sentence,which ranks their level of risk as low,medium,or high is using which level of measurement?
A)ratio
B)nominal
C)ordinal
D)interval
E)qualitative

Accepted Answer

This is an example of ordinal measurement, as it involves ranking juveniles into three categories based on their level of recidivism risk. Nominal measurement would simply categorize them without ranking them, while interval and ratio measurement would require precise numerical values to be assigned to the level of risk - which may not be possible or accurate in this case. Qualitative measurement refers to non-numerical data, so it does not apply here.

Question 9

Predictive validity is another name for:
A)test-retest validity
B)criterion-related validity
C)face validity
D)construct validity.
E)content validity

Accepted Answer

Predictive validity is a type of criterion-related validity where the accuracy of a predictor (such as a test score or assessment) is evaluated by how well it predicts future outcomes or behavior. Therefore, the best choice is B, criterion-related validity. The other options are different types of validity: test-retest validity is a type of reliability, face validity refers to how well a measure appears on the surface to assess what it is intended to assess, construct validity concerns the extent to which a measure assesses the theoretical construct it is intended to measure, and content validity pertains to how well a measure covers all the important aspects or dimensions of a concept being measured.

Question 10

An example of an established measure would be:
A)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Index.
B)fear of crime.
C)intelligence.
D)logic.
E)strength.

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Index (MMPI) is an established measure of personality traits and psychopathology. It has been widely used in clinical and research settings for over 75 years, and has undergone numerous revisions and updates to ensure its validity and reliability.

Question 11

Region (East,West,South,Midwest)is what level of measurement?
A)nominal
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio
E)convergent definition

Accepted Answer

Region is a categorical variable with no inherent order, making it a nominal level of measurement.

Question 12

Monty used his ten-item scale on love to see how separate sets of five indicators correlated with each other.Which type of reliability is reflected in this example?
A)test-retest
B)split-half
C)using established measures
D)research worker
E)alternate test reliability

Accepted Answer

The type of reliability reflected in this example is split-half. This is because Monty used his ten-item scale on love to see how separate sets of five indicators correlated with each other. Split-half reliability involves splitting a test into two halves and determining whether scores on one half are consistent with scores on the other half. In this case, Monty split the scale into two sets of five indicators and analyzed their correlation to determine whether the scale was reliable.

Question 13

Sophie developed a measure of job satisfaction.She validated her measure by seeing if it related to other variables that she logically expected to be related to job satisfaction.Which type of validity does this example reflect?
A)face
B)content
C)criterion-related
D)construct
E)convergent

Accepted Answer

Construct validity is demonstrated when a measure is shown to be related to other variables as theoretically expected, which is what Sophie did by relating her measure to logically expected variables.

Question 14

A researcher who defines "elite families" as those with annual incomes larger than $250,000 has __________ this concept.
A)defined
B)operationalized
C)described
D)created a marker for
E)conceptualized

Accepted Answer

Operationalizing a concept refers to the process of defining a concept in a way that allows it to be measured or observed. In this case, the researcher has defined "elite families" by using a specific income threshold, thus operationalizing the concept.

Question 15

Professor Rogers created two surveys,each containing five different indicators for his measure of student engagement.She asked students in the two different sections of her research methods course each to voluntarily answer the five indicators.Which type of reliability is she likely testing?
A) test-retest.
B) established measures.
C) alternate test reliability.
D) split-half.
E) face validity.

Accepted Answer

Professor Rogers is likely testing split-half reliability, where she is splitting the two surveys into pairs and testing the correlation between the two sets of indicators. This measures the consistency of the indicators within the same survey.

Question 16

The main reason you need to know the level of measurement for your variables is so that
A)you can impress your readers.
B)you can try to change the variables to higher levels of measurement.
C)you won't get confused.
D)you will know which statistics to use.
E)it can be any level

Accepted Answer

Knowing the level of measurement for your variables is important because it determines which statistical analysis tool to use. Each statistical method corresponds to different levels of measurement; therefore, you need to know your variable's level of measurement to use the correct tool.

Question 17

When you are worried about whether you are actually measuring what you think you are measuring,you are worried about __________.
A)internal validity
B)external validity
C)reliability
D)theory
E)content reliability

Accepted Answer

Internal validity refers to the degree to which a study's findings can be attributed to the independent variable(s) and not to other extraneous factors. If there are concerns about whether the measurement is accurately capturing the intended construct, this could threaten the study's internal validity.

Question 18

The definition of a phenomena that represents the objective,unquestionable "truth" of it,which is rarely used by sociologists is an example of a
A)nominal definition
B)operational definition
C)interval definition
D)observable definition
E)real definition.

Accepted Answer

A real definition represents the objective, unbiased reality of a phenomenon, which is rarely used by sociologists. Nominal, operational, interval, and observable definitions are more commonly used in sociology.

Question 19

_______________ involves determining the extent to which a measure represents concepts it should represent and does not represent concepts it should not represent.
A)Face validity
B)Criterion validity
C)Divergent validity
D)Construct validity
E)Content validity

Accepted Answer

Construct validity involves determining whether a measure actually measures the construct it is intended to measure, by looking at whether it shows expected patterns of relationships with other variables. The other options also refer to different types of validity, but do not directly address whether the measure actually measures the intended construct.

Question 20

Letter grades given at the end of the term are an example of ________ measurements; calculated GPAs are a type of _________ measurement.
A)ordinal; interval
B)ordinal; ratio
C)interval; ratio
D)nominal; ratio
E)nominal; interval

Accepted Answer

The answer of Letter grades given at the end of...

Quiz 5: Conceptualization, operationalization, and Measurement

Monique developed a measure of religiosity and gave her instrument to her sample on two different occasions to see how reliable it was.Which type of reliability is reflected in this example?

Indicators can be interchanged with one another because:

A measurement that does not reflect the logical relationship between the variables lacks what kind of validity?

When you are worried about whether you will get the same results if you repeat your experiment again in the future,you are worried about _________.

A weighing scale that consistently tells Susie that she is 115 pounds-5 pounds lighter than she really is-every time she stands on the scale is ,but not ___.

A measure of recidivism risk for juveniles completing a diversionary program instead of a traditional residential sentence,which ranks their level of risk as low,medium,or high is using which level of measurement?

Predictive validity is another name for:

An example of an established measure would be:

Region (East,West,South,Midwest) is what level of measurement?

Monty used his ten-item scale on love to see how separate sets of five indicators correlated with each other.Which type of reliability is reflected in this example?

Sophie developed a measure of job satisfaction.She validated her measure by seeing if it related to other variables that she logically expected to be related to job satisfaction.Which type of validity does this example reflect?

A researcher who defines "elite families" as those with annual incomes larger than $250,000 has __________ this concept.

Professor Rogers created two surveys,each containing five different indicators for his measure of student engagement.She asked students in the two different sections of her research methods course each to voluntarily answer the five indicators.Which type of reliability is she likely testing?

The main reason you need to know the level of measurement for your variables is so that

When you are worried about whether you are actually measuring what you think you are measuring,you are worried about __________.

The definition of a phenomena that represents the objective,unquestionable "truth" of it,which is rarely used by sociologists is an example of a

_______________ involves determining the extent to which a measure represents concepts it should represent and does not represent concepts it should not represent.

Letter grades given at the end of the term are an example of measurements; calculated GPAs are a type of _ measurement.