Question 1

Which act created the National Labor Relations Board?

Accepted Answer

The Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act, was passed in 1935 and created the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). The NLRB helps to enforce and protect workers' rights to form and join unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in other forms of protected concerted activity.

Question 2

In order for injunctions to be issued in labor disputes:

Accepted Answer

In labor disputes, employers must show that lack of an injunction will cause greater harm to the employer than to the union in order for injunctions to be issued. Option A is incorrect as there is no specific time limit for a strike to continue before injunctions can be issued. Option B is also incorrect as it places the burden of proof on the union, which is not the case. Option D is incorrect as it is the opposite of what is required.

Question 3

Which act is also known as the Anti-Injunction Act?

Accepted Answer

The Norris-LaGuardia Act, also known as the Anti-Injunction Act, was passed in 1932 to limit the power of federal courts to issue injunctions against peaceful labor disputes, such as strikes or picketing. The act was meant to protect workers' rights to organize and engage in collective bargaining without fear of being sued or restrained by their employers.

Question 4

Parties to a negotiating deadlock in the private sector would use which government agency for assistance?

Accepted Answer

The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service is the government agency responsible for providing assistance and mediation to parties involved in a negotiating deadlock in the private sector. The agency's main aim is to help parties reach a mutually acceptable solution and avoid a strike or lockout. The other options (A, C, D) are not relevant to negotiations in the private sector.

Question 5

The Bill of Rights of Union Members guarantees union members all of the following rights except:

Accepted Answer

The Bill of Rights of Union Members, part of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, does not specifically guarantee union representation and arbitration for grievances. It focuses on democratic rights within the union, such as nominating candidates, voting, and participating in meetings.

Question 6

Which act was passed to balance the rights and duties of labor and management in collective bargaining?

Accepted Answer

The Taft-Hartley Act was passed in 1947 to balance the rights and duties of labor and management in collective bargaining. It prohibited unfair labor practices by both unions and employers and also gave states the power to pass "right-to-work" laws, which prohibited mandatory union membership as a condition of employment.

Question 7

Around _____ of the unfair labor practice cases filed with the NLRB prove that labor rights have been violated.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 36 percent of the unfair labor practice cases filed with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) result in findings that labor rights have been violated.

Question 8

Which federal agency is charged under the Railway Labor Act to hold secret ballot union certification elections?

Accepted Answer

The National Mediation Board is charged under the Railway Labor Act to hold secret ballot union certification elections.

Question 9

Which act covering most private-sector employers prohibits certain unfair labor practices,such as a union's refusal to bargain in good faith and a union's persuading an employer to discriminate against an employee?

Accepted Answer

The Taft-Hartley Act is a federal law that covers most private-sector employers and prohibits certain unfair labor practices, including a union's refusal to bargain in good faith and a union's persuading an employer to discriminate against an employee. The Sherman Act covers antitrust violations, the Railway Labor Act covers labor disputes in the railroad and airline industries, and the Landrum-Griffin Act regulates internal union affairs.

Question 10

Unlike the National Labor Relations Board,the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service:

Accepted Answer

The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service does not have enforcement powers. Its role is to provide mediation and conciliation services to help resolve disputes between employers and employees. It was created in 1947 under the Taft-Hartley Act.

Question 11

A provision,where permitted,of a labor agreement that requires employees to join the union as a condition of employment is called:

Accepted Answer

A union shop provision in a labor agreement requires employees to join the union after being hired. However, the requirement may not violate the employee's right to choose whether to remain in the union or not. A closed shop provision is similar to a union shop, but it requires employees to be members of the union when hired. An agency shop is a provision where all workers in the bargaining unit are required to pay a fee to the union, but membership is optional. Union check-off refers to the process of an employer deducting union dues from an employee's paycheck and transferring them to the union.

Question 12

Illegal acts by either employers or unions are called:

Accepted Answer

Illegal acts committed by either employers or unions are known as unfair labor practices. Discrimination complaints, violation and resolve charges, and representation charges are all specific types of labor issues or legal proceedings, but do not cover the full range of illegal acts that can be perpetrated in labor relations.

Question 13

____ of the National Labor Relations Act lists the unfair labor practices of employers.

Accepted Answer

Section 8 of the National Labor Relations Act lists the unfair labor practices of the employers. The section lays down the rules and regulations that the employers are supposed to follow and also states the consequences that they will face if they do not follow the same. It includes provisions to protect employees' rights to form, join, or assist unions, engage in collective bargaining, and engage in other activities for their mutual aid and protection.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a major reason employees desire to unionize?

Accepted Answer

While political issues may sometimes influence unionization, they are not a major reason why employees desire to unionize. The primary reasons include economic needs (such as wanting better pay and benefits), dissatisfaction with management (including issues like safety concerns and lack of job security), and social and status concerns (such as wanting to have more say in workplace decisions and feeling empowered through collective bargaining).

Question 15

The strongest reason to join a union appears to be:

Accepted Answer

Dissatisfaction with wages, benefits, and working conditions is a common reason why employees join unions. Unions can negotiate with employers on behalf of their members to improve their working conditions and advocate for better pay and benefits.

Question 16

Which law severely restricts the ability of employers to obtain injunctions in labor relations?

Accepted Answer

The Norris-LaGuardia Act severely restricts the ability of employers to obtain injunctions in labor relations. It was passed in 1932 to protect the legal rights of workers to strike, picket and boycott, and to limit the power of federal courts to issue injunctions in cases involving nonviolent labor disputes.

Question 17

The first federal law pertaining to labor relations was:

Accepted Answer

The Railway Labor Act, enacted in 1926, was the first federal law to address labor relations, specifically for railroad workers.

Question 18

Which act covering most private-sector employers guarantees employees the right to organize and lists five unfair labor practices of employers?

Accepted Answer

The Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), is a federal law that covers most private-sector employers in the United States. It guarantees employees the right to form, join, and assist labor unions, as well as to engage in collective bargaining with their employers. The NLRA also outlines five unfair labor practices by employers, including interfering with employees' rights to organize, discriminate against employees for their union activities, and refusing to bargain with employee representatives in good faith. The Railway Labor Act specifically covers employees of the railway and airline industries, while the Sherman Act deals with antitrust laws, and the Landrum-Griffin Act focuses on regulating labor unions rather than employers.

Question 19

If a railroad union reaches an impasse during its negotiations,which federal agency is used to mediate?

Accepted Answer

The National Mediation Board (NMB) under the Railway Labor Act (RLA) is used to mediate railroad labor disputes. The NMB is specifically designed to mediate disputes between railroads and their employees and has exclusive jurisdiction over these disputes. The other agencies listed may be used for other types of labor disputes, but not specifically for railroad labor disputes.

Question 20

Which act contains a "Bill of Rights of Union Members" and requires unions to submit financial reports to the Secretary of Labor?

Accepted Answer

The Landrum-Griffin Act, also known as the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA), contains a "Bill of Rights of Union Members" which outlines the rights of union members in relation to their union's activities and finances. Additionally, the LMRDA requires unions to file financial reports with the Secretary of Labor in order to ensure transparency and prevent corruption within unions.

Quiz 14: The Dynamics of Labor Relations