Question 1

The concept of ________ was a central property of Collin's and Quillian's original network model, but was not included in the later model of spreading activation.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive economy was a key feature of Collins and Quillian's original hierarchical network model of semantic memory, which posited that properties and facts were stored at the highest possible level in a hierarchy to minimize redundancy. This concept was not emphasized in the later spreading activation models, which focused more on the process of how information spreads through a network of associations.

Question 2

A fundamental principle of connectionist models is that:

Accepted Answer

Connectionist models, also known as neural networks, are based on the idea that nodes (or units) in the system are interconnected, forming a network that processes information collectively.

Question 3

A theoretical perspective in which different abilities, characteristics, type of cognitive processes, and so forth are theorized to be represented in separate components or modules in memory:

Accepted Answer

Modularity refers to the theory that different abilities, characteristics, or types of cognitive processes are represented in separate components or modules within the brain or memory. This perspective suggests that the mind is composed of distinct, specialized modules, each responsible for different types of processing.

Question 4

The differences between connectionist and modular approaches to the mind are well established.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The differences between connectionist and modular approaches...

Question 5

The process of categorization is guided by semantic relatedness and category structure.

Accepted Answer

Categorization is influenced by how semantically related items are to each other and the overall structure of the category, which includes how items are grouped based on shared characteristics or meanings.

Question 6

In a sentence verification task, "a canary can sing"
is verified faster than "a canary has skin".

Accepted Answer

This is because "a canary can sing" aligns with a more readily accessible and stereotypical attribute of canaries (their ability to sing), making it easier and faster to verify compared to the less obvious attribute that "a canary has skin."

Question 7

In connectionist models, individual units are similar to those in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Connectionist models, also known as neural networks, are inspired by the structure and function of the brain. Individual units in these models are designed to mimic neurons, and the connections between them simulate the synapses in a biological brain.

Question 8

________ approaches to categorization suggest that we determine what the typical member of a category is by abstracting this from known examples. By contrast, ________ theories argue that we simply store examples in memory, then make categorization judgments by comparing the object to be classified to the stored sample.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ approaches to categorization suggest that we...

Question 9

________ is a disruption of word finding or retrieval caused by injury to the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is a disruption of word finding...

Question 10

________ is a theoretical perspective in which different abilities, characteristics, type of cognitive processes, and so forth are theorized to be represented in separate components or modules in memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is a theoretical perspective in which...

Question 11

Describe Posner and Keele's prototype study in which they used simple random patterns made of dots.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Posner and Keele's prototype study in...

Question 12

Imagine that you've run an experiment to test Collins and Quillian's hierarchical network model of
semantic memory. When you analyze the data, you realize that participants were able to verify the statement "A canary is a bird" considerably faster than the statement "An ostrich is a bird." Does this cause a problem for their original model? Briefly explain your reasoning, including the name of the effect your finding represents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you've run an experiment to...

Question 13

The double dissociations in living things and nonliving things observed among some patients with semantic memory impairments does not necessarily mean that semantic memory is organized into these two categories. What is the more likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The double dissociations in living things and...

Question 14

Name and describe the four frequently mentioned advantages of using connectionism to study cognition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and describe the four frequently mentioned...

Quiz 7: Knowing