Question 1

A person's intelligence can be evaluated directly when a variety of intelligence tests are used.

Accepted Answer

We can only evaluate a person's intelligence indirectly by studying the intelligent acts generated by the person's intelligence.

Question 2

Most experts agree that intelligence is best defined as a person's verbal ability and problem-solving skills.

Accepted Answer

The text's definition of intelligence is: the ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from experiences. But even this broad definition does not satisfy everyone. Many other aspects of intelligence have been proposed.

Question 3

The decision to place a student in a class for students who are mentally retarded should not be based on the results of a single group intelligence test.

Accepted Answer

Individualized tests provide a more reliable indication of a child's ability because the examiner can establish a rapport with the student, and thus detect anxiety or determine whether the student understands the directions. An extensive amount of information about the student should be obtained before assigning the student to a special class.

Question 4

Most experts agree that genetics (rather than environment) determines a child's intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Though experts would agree that genetics does influence a person's intelligence, most experts agree that environment plays an important role.

Question 5

Parents and teachers can enhance the development of a child's intelligence by exposing the child to an enriching environment.

Accepted Answer

Most experts agree that environment plays an important role in determining a child's intelligence. Improving a child's environment can help raise the child's intelligence and improve his or her academic performance and employability.

Question 6

Since the turn of the 20 th century, children's scores on IQ tests have decreased dramatically.

Accepted Answer

Scores on IQ tests have been increasing so fast that a high percentage of people having been regarded as average at the turn of the century would be considered below average today. If a representative sample of today's children took the Stanford Binet test used in 1932, about 25 percent would be considered "very superior,"a label usually assigned to fewer than 3 percent.

Question 7

Though, on average, white American school children score 10 to 15 points higher on IQ tests than African American children, approximately 20 percent of African American children score higher than do half of all white school children.

Accepted Answer

Though the average score for African American children is lower than that for white children, a substantial number of African American children score higher than white children. Average scores describe whole populations, not individuals, and thus one can overlook the wide range of individual differences within each population.

Question 8

The standards for early IQ tests were based primarily on white, middle-class children.

Accepted Answer

Most of the early IQ tests were culturally biased. Standards were almost exclusively based on white, middle-class children. Even in cases in which content was appropriate, the language might have favored white, middle-class students over other groups.

Question 9

Binet developed the concept of mental age (MA).

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet developed the concept of mental age (MA).

Question 10

In 1912, Binet created the concept of intelligence quotient (IQ), which refers to an individual's mental age divided by his or her chronological age and multiplied by 100.

Accepted Answer

In 1912, William Stern created the concept of intelligence quotient (IQ), which refers to an individual's mental age divided by his or her chronological age and multiplied by 100.

Question 11

People who have general intelligence do not have specific intellectual abilities.

Accepted Answer

The concept of general intelligence supports the idea that people who excel at one type of intellectual task are likely to excel at other intellectual tasks. Research shows that all intellectual abilities are related to each other, which supports the concept of general intelligence, but that there are many specialized abilities as well, such as spatial and mechanical abilities.

Question 12

Howard Gardner is considering including existential intelligence, which involves concern and reasoning about meaning in life.

Accepted Answer

At various times, Gardner has considered including existential intelligence, which involves concern and reasoning about meaning in life, as a ninth intelligence.

Question 13

A student's style of learning is typically consistent across schools, grades, and subjects.

Accepted Answer

Styles may vary with context. For example, a student may be impulsive with music but reflective when working on a puzzle.

Question 14

The impulsive student has trouble locating relevant information from a field of irrelevant information.

Accepted Answer

The impulsive student has trouble locating relevant information from a field of irrelevant information.

Question 15

The concept of person-situation interaction states that the best way to characterize an individual's personality is not in terms of personal traits or characteristics alone, but also in terms of the situation involved.

Accepted Answer

A student's personality may vary according to the subject matter or other environmental factors. For example, a student may be extraverted during history class and introverted during math class.

Question 16

A child with a difficult temperament who lacks self-control is at a reduced risk for having problems as an adolescent.

Accepted Answer

An individual with a difficult temperament is more likely to have problems as an adolescent. For example, he or she is more likely to use drugs.

Question 17

A child's tendency to focus on the outer world of people versus the inner world of ideas can be assessed using which of the following dichotomies of the Myers-Briggs Inventory?

Accepted Answer

Extraversion/introversion refers to a child's tendency to focus on the outer world of people or the inner world of ideas. Extraverts tend to enjoy interacting with others while introverts tend to enjoy solitude.

Question 18

A child who is an introvert would most likely do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Extraversion/introversion involves whether children focus on the outer world of people or the inner world of ideas. Extraverts enjoy spending time with others and thus would enjoy working in small groups rather than alone.

Question 19

A child's tendency to analyze problems systematically and in an organized manner reflects which of the "big five" factors of personality?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness refers to a person who is organized, careful, and disciplined.

Question 20

An easy child is one who

Accepted Answer

With regard to temperament, an easy child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines, and easily adapts to new experiences.

Quiz 4: Individual Variations

A person's intelligence can be evaluated directly when a variety of intelligence tests are used.

Most experts agree that intelligence is best defined as a person's verbal ability and problem-solving skills.

The decision to place a student in a class for students who are mentally retarded should not be based on the results of a single group intelligence test.

Most experts agree that genetics (rather than environment) determines a child's intelligence.

Parents and teachers can enhance the development of a child's intelligence by exposing the child to an enriching environment.

Since the turn of the 20 th century, children's scores on IQ tests have decreased dramatically.

Though, on average, white American school children score 10 to 15 points higher on IQ tests than African American children, approximately 20 percent of African American children score higher than do half of all white school children.

The standards for early IQ tests were based primarily on white, middle-class children.

Binet developed the concept of mental age (MA).

In 1912, Binet created the concept of intelligence quotient (IQ), which refers to an individual's mental age divided by his or her chronological age and multiplied by 100.

People who have general intelligence do not have specific intellectual abilities.

Howard Gardner is considering including existential intelligence, which involves concern and reasoning about meaning in life.

A student's style of learning is typically consistent across schools, grades, and subjects.

The impulsive student has trouble locating relevant information from a field of irrelevant information.

The concept of person-situation interaction states that the best way to characterize an individual's personality is not in terms of personal traits or characteristics alone, but also in terms of the situation involved.

A child with a difficult temperament who lacks self-control is at a reduced risk for having problems as an adolescent.

A child's tendency to focus on the outer world of people versus the inner world of ideas can be assessed using which of the following dichotomies of the Myers-Briggs Inventory?

A child who is an introvert would most likely do which of the following?

A child's tendency to analyze problems systematically and in an organized manner reflects which of the "big five" factors of personality?

An easy child is one who