Question 1

Which one of the following individuals created a developmental theory related to moral development?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg is known for his theory of moral development, which proposes that individuals progress through different stages of moral reasoning as they grow older.

Question 2

This person conceptualized cognitive development into four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget is the psychologist who conceptualized cognitive development into four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.

Question 3

Which of the following is a key concept of sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development is a key concept of sociocultural theory, introduced by Lev Vygotsky, emphasizing the importance of social interaction in learning and development.

Question 4

Which of the following is a key emphasis of the theory presented by Ainsworth and Bowlby?

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth and Bowlby's theory, known as Attachment Theory, emphasizes the importance of the emotional bond between a parent and child and its impact on the child's psychosocial development throughout their life.

Question 5

Which of the following represents Piaget's preoperational stage of development?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed are characteristics of Piaget's preoperational stage of development, which typically occurs from ages 2 to 7. This stage is marked by egocentrism, symbolic play, drawing, spoken language, and animism (attributing lifelike qualities to inanimate objects).

Question 6

According to Erikson (1968), children in early childhood are in the process of resolving which developmental crisis?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that children in early childhood (approximately ages 3 to 6) are in the stage of resolving the crisis of initiative versus guilt. This stage focuses on children beginning to assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.

Question 7

__________________ is an extremely important activity in early childhood, in which children find out about themselves and the world.

Accepted Answer

Play is crucial in early childhood for self-discovery and learning about the world, serving as a primary means through which children explore, understand, and interact with their surroundings.

Question 8

_________________ represents Piaget's stage of cognitive development in which ability to reason logically about concrete, tangible information develops.

Accepted Answer

The concrete operational stage is the phase in Piaget's theory of cognitive development where children gain the ability to think logically about concrete events.

Question 9

Children in middle childhood are in the process of resolving which of Erikson's (1968) developmental crises?

Accepted Answer

Children in middle childhood (ages approximately 6 to 11) are in the stage of resolving the crisis of industry versus inferiority, according to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. This stage focuses on children's ability to feel competent and productive in completing tasks and learning new skills.

Question 10

A person who is able to deal with abstraction, form hypotheses, engage in mental manipulation, and predict consequences would likely be in which of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

The formal operational stage, as described by Jean Piaget, is the stage during which individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and form hypotheses. This stage typically begins around age 12 and continues into adulthood, allowing for advanced problem-solving and the ability to understand and manipulate abstract concepts.

Question 11

________________ , which emerges during adolescence, is characterized by a belief in one's uniqueness and invulnerability

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism, particularly in the form of the personal fable and imaginary audience, is a characteristic of adolescent thinking, involving beliefs in one's uniqueness and invulnerability.

Question 12

Which of the following developmental tasks is associated with the identity versus role confusion conflict proposed by Erikson (1968)?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion emphasizes the development of a personal identity and a sense of self by exploring values, beliefs, and goals. This stage typically occurs during adolescence.

Question 13

The _______________ in Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model refers to a specific environment in which an individual develops. This includes family, peer groups, school, and church.

Accepted Answer

The microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model refers to the immediate environments that an individual interacts with, such as family, school, and peer groups.

Question 14

The _______________ in Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model refers to an overarching belief system or culture that exerts its effects indirectly through cultural tools and institutions.

Accepted Answer

The macrosystem in Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model represents the cultural or societal blueprint that shapes individuals indirectly through embedded societal norms, values, and laws, influencing the other systems.

Question 15

A youth who is depressed who believes that she is helpless to influence events in her life and that she is responsible for any failures or problems is likely exhibiting which faulty cognitive processing skill?

Accepted Answer

Negative attributional style is characterized by a tendency to attribute failures or negative events to personal flaws or actions, and to view such events as unchangeable and pervasive. This aligns with the description of the youth's beliefs.

Question 16

__________________ is an example of a nonnormative event.

Accepted Answer

Job loss is considered a nonnormative event because it is not a predictable or expected event in the typical course of an individual's life, unlike normative events such as school transitions or changes in family and peer relationships, which occur commonly and predictably as part of human development.

Question 17

The __________________ component of CBT helps individuals identify and change negative, pessimistic thinking, biases, and attributions.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive component of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is specifically aimed at identifying and changing negative thought patterns, biases, and attributions, which is fundamental to the therapy's approach to improving mental health.

Question 18

Which of the following is a goal of interpersonal therapy for adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal therapy for adolescents primarily focuses on improving disturbed relationships that may contribute to depression, rather than focusing on behavior patterns or cognitive structures.

Question 19

_________________ emphasizes that children, adolescents, and young adults (up through age 24) taking antidepressants should be closely monitored for adverse side effects of the medication, including suicidal ideation

Accepted Answer

The black box warning label on antidepressant medications emphasizes the need for close monitoring of children, adolescents, and young adults taking these medications due to the risk of suicidal ideation and other adverse effects.

Question 20

Individuals with _____________ weigh less than 85% of what is considered normal for their age.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading individuals to weigh less than 85% of what is considered normal for their age and height.

Quiz 11: Counseling Children and Adolescents