Question 1

As retaliation for Cardinal Humbertus' actions,the patriarch declared that all Western popes ________.

Accepted Answer

The patriarch declared that all Western popes had been heretics since the sixth century as retaliation for Cardinal Humbertus' actions, which were part of the events leading up to the East-West Schism. This declaration was a significant factor in the deepening division between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

Question 2

Benedict wrote a plan that dictated every activity a monk should undertake each day.This discipline and organization ________.

Accepted Answer

Benedictine monasteries became centers of economic and political power in medieval Europe, and the discipline and organization of Benedict's Rule was instrumental in this development. The other choices are not accurate.

Question 3

Muslims indirectly shaped the development of Western Europe because ________.

Accepted Answer

The presence of the Islamic Empire in the Middle East and North Africa forced Europeans to focus on their own territory and culture, leading to the development of distinct Western European identity and culture. This can be seen in the Crusades, where Christians sought to reclaim territory that was under Muslim control, and in the Renaissance, where Europeans sought to create a culture that was equal to or better than that of the Islamic world. Therefore, Muslims indirectly shaped the development of Western Europe by forcing Europeans to focus on their own territory and culture.

Question 4

Since the landed nobility in Western Europe did not have any fealty to the Frankish kings,the Merovingians established ________ with the hope that those men would be loyal to the crown.

Accepted Answer

The Merovingians established counts as local rulers in territories throughout their kingdom. These counts were supposed to be loyal to the Frankish kings and help maintain control over the regions, acting as the king's representatives and enforcing royal authority.

Question 5

When the Byzantines encountered religious practices that were deeply tied to a locality,the church was most likely to ________.

Accepted Answer

The Byzantine Empire was known for its policy of religious tolerance, and when encountering local religious practices, the church would often try to accommodate them rather than eradicate them. This was done by absorbing those practices into Christian practice, such as adopting local saints or incorporating traditional rituals into Christian holidays.

Question 6

In the early Middle Ages,the three-field system was used,combining crop rotation and the use of ________.

Accepted Answer

The three-field system involved dividing a farmer's fields into three parts, with one part left fallow each year while the other two parts were used for crops. This system allowed for crop rotation, which helped to improve soil fertility, and the use of fallow fields allowed the soil to rest and regenerate without the need for artificial fertilizer. Burning and horse pasture were not necessarily components of the three-field system.

Question 7

When Charles Martel seized church property to distribute to the men who would make up his Carolingian army,the church did not object because ________.

Accepted Answer

The church depended on the Franks, who were led by Martel, for armed protection. As a result, the church did not object to Martel seizing church property to distribute to his army.

Question 8

Because he condemned idolatry and immorality,Muhammad was ________.

Accepted Answer

Muhammad was initially chased out of Mecca by the city's leaders who opposed his message condemning idolatry and immorality. He eventually gained significant support and was able to return to the city as its leader.

Question 9

Early Muslim conquests were successful against the Persian Empire in part because ________.

Accepted Answer

The Persians were exhausted by decades of war with the Byzantine Empire and were facing internal conflict between the ruling Sassanid dynasty and the aristocracy. This weakened their defenses and allowed the early Muslim armies to easily conquer large territories.

Question 10

The Viking Leif Erikson traveled as far west as ________.

Accepted Answer

Leif Erikson is believed to have traveled as far west as Newfoundland, specifically L'Anse aux Meadows, which is considered the only known Viking settlement in North America.

Question 11

As the Western empire declined and governors withdrew from the cities,________ were left as the centers of urban culture.

Accepted Answer

As the Western empire declined, the Catholic Church emerged as a dominant institution and cathedrals became centers of urban culture. Governors withdrawing from cities and the decline of the Roman Empire did not necessarily lead to the rise of schools, market squares, or amphitheaters as cultural centers.

Question 12

The Visigoths were pressured to invade the western Roman Empire by ________.

Accepted Answer

The Visigoths were pressured to invade the western Roman Empire by the Huns invading their territory. This forced the Visigoths to seek refuge within the western Roman Empire, eventually leading to their invasion and sacking of Rome in 410 CE.

Question 13

Mecca was an important pilgrimage site before Islam because pagans came to worship ________.

Accepted Answer

The Ka'ba was a sacred site for the pagan tribes of Arabia before the arrival of Islam, and they would make pilgrimage to Mecca to perform their rituals at the site.

Question 14

Landed nobility retained vassals to populate their armies by supplying them with ________.

Accepted Answer

Landed nobility would provide their vassals with land in exchange for military service. This allowed the nobility to maintain a strong military force without having to pay salaries or hire mercenaries.

Question 15

Which of these marked a long-lasting split between the western and eastern Christian churches?

Accepted Answer

The excommunication of the Orthodox patriarch by Cardinal Humbertus in 1054 marked a long-lasting split between the western (Catholic) and eastern (Orthodox) Christian churches. This event is known as the Great Schism.

Question 16

Although the Roman military succumbed to Germanic invaders in the fifth century,Roman ________ proved to be dominant when the two peoples mixed.

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that when the Roman and Germanic peoples mixed, Roman "culture" proved to be dominant. This suggests that while Roman military power may have declined, their cultural influence remained strong. The other options (athletes, cuisine, and entertainment) are not directly supported by the sentence.

Question 17

Why has martyrdom become so important to Shi'a Muslims?

Accepted Answer

Ali, who is highly revered by Shi'a Muslims as the rightful successor to Prophet Muhammad, was assassinated by other Muslims. This event has played a significant role in the development of Shi'a Islam, and martyrdom has become an important symbol of resistance and sacrifice in the face of oppression. While Shi'a Muslims believe in the importance of the afterlife, it is not the sole reason for the emphasis on martyrdom. Additionally, while Ali did teach the importance of sacrifice, this alone does not fully explain the significance of martyrdom in Shi'a Islam.

Question 18

Hampered by Frankish laws of inheritance,Louis the Pious had too many ________ for his own succession plan to succeed smoothly.

Accepted Answer

Louis the Pious had three legitimate sons, but his inheritance laws dictated that his kingdom should be divided equally among all his sons, leading to conflicts and civil war after his death.

Question 19

The "expansion of Europe within Europe" refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

The expansion of Europe within Europe refers to the population boom that occurred due to innovations in agriculture, which allowed for increased food production and led to a growth in the population.

Question 20

Pepin illustrates which of these aspects of medieval monarchy?

Accepted Answer

Pepin, as a Carolingian king, owed his position to both his nobles and the church. The Carolingians had a close relationship with the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, and the church bestowed legitimacy upon their rule. Additionally, the Carolingians relied on the support of their nobles, who were essential in maintaining their power and enforcing their laws. This relationship between kings, nobles, and the church was a key aspect of medieval monarchy. While the popes did have significant power and influence over European monarchs, they did not have the ability to completely make or unmake kings. The idea of kings as first among equals was more characteristic of the feudal system than of medieval monarchy as a whole. And while there were often conflicts between church and royal power, a clear definition of their respective roles was still evolving during this time period.

Quiz 6: Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Creating a New European Society and Culture 4761000