Question 1

This procedure makes possible the synthesis of large quantities of proteins.

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology allows for the insertion of genes into host cells, which can then produce large quantities of proteins.

Question 2

There has been great success in using genetically modified bacteria to clean up oil spills and toxic waste dumps called

Accepted Answer

Bioremediation is the process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants, or their enzymes to return the natural environment altered by contaminants to its original condition. Genetically modified bacteria have been engineered to be more efficient in this process, particularly for cleaning up oil spills and toxic waste dumps.

Question 3

Researchers have shown that turnips can produce interferon (an antiviral agent) and tobacco plants can create antibodies to fight human disease as a result of controlled genetic alteration. Such plants are known as

Accepted Answer

Plants that have had their DNA altered through genetic engineering, such as turnips producing interferon and tobacco plants creating antibodies, are referred to as Genetically Modified (GM) organisms. This process involves directly changing the genetic makeup of an organism to give it new traits or abilities.

Question 4

This field of biotechnology involves inserting genes, deleting genes, or manipulating the action of genes in order to cure or lessen the effect of genetic diseases.

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy involves altering the genes inside an individual's cells and biological tissues to treat or prevent disease, including genetic disorders, by inserting, deleting, or manipulating genes.

Question 5

The technique used to accomplish cloning in vertebrates is called

Accepted Answer

Somatic cell nuclear transfer is the technique used for cloning in vertebrates, where the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to an egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed.

Question 6

This is the process a cell goes through to select which genes it will express.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This is the process a cell goes...

Question 7

This is the process a cell goes through to become a particular cell type, based on the proteins that it expresses and is more-or-less a permanent condition.

Accepted Answer

Differentiation is the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function, based on the proteins it expresses, and is generally a permanent condition.

Question 8

These cells have not yet completed determination or differentiation. They have the potential to develop into many different cell types.

Accepted Answer

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the potential to develop into various cell types, making them capable of both determination and differentiation.

Question 9

The ability to control these processes may allow manipulation of an organism's cells or insertion of cells into an organism to allow the regrowth of damaged tissues and organs in humans.

Accepted Answer

Determination and differentiation are processes that control how cells develop into specific types with particular functions, which is crucial for tissue and organ regeneration.

Question 10

These stem cells are able to become the many different types of cells found in our blood - red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cells are responsible for the production of all types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 11

The first goal of the Human Genome Project was to

Accepted Answer

The first goal of the Human Genome Project was to construct detailed maps of the human genome, which included sequencing the entire human DNA to identify and map all of the genes.

Question 12

A process of making exact copies of the cells of animals such as cats in the laboratory is technically known as

Accepted Answer

Somatic cell nuclear transfer is the process used to create an embryo by transferring the nucleus from a donor adult cell (somatic cell) into an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed. This technique can be used for cloning animals, including cats, by producing an embryo that can develop into an animal genetically identical to the donor of the nucleus.

Question 13

New bacterial characteristics are being produced by splicing strands of

Accepted Answer

New bacterial characteristics are produced by splicing strands of DNA, a process known as genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology. This allows for the introduction of new genes into an organism's genome, leading to new traits or characteristics.

Question 14

The most important applications of this technology involves the insertion of genes the make a crop plant

Accepted Answer

Genetic modification is often used to make crops resistant to herbicides, allowing farmers to control weeds without harming the crop.

Question 15

The primary application of this technology is to put herbicide resistance genes into crop plants.

Accepted Answer

The primary application of genetically modified (GM) technology is to introduce specific traits such as herbicide resistance into crop plants. This allows the crops to survive applications of herbicides that kill weeds.

Question 16

Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (Bti) produces a protein that causes the destruction of the lining of the gut of insects that eat it and is therefore

Accepted Answer

Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (Bti) is a naturally occurring bacterium that produces proteins toxic to certain insects, making it a natural insecticide. It is not inherently a genetically modified organism (GM organism) nor the result of somatic cell transfer.

Question 17

Embryonic stem cells reach an intermediary level of determination at which they are committed to becoming a particular ______ type, but not necessarily a particular ____ type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Embryonic stem cells reach an intermediary level...

Question 18

The procedure provides the most detailed look that we are able to have of the organism's genetic information.

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing is the process that allows us to determine the precise order of the nucleotides within a DNA molecule, providing the most detailed view of an organism's genetic information.

Quiz 11: Applications of Biotechnology