Question 1

Agata suffered from persistent diarrhea in early childhood.As a result,during her school years,Agata is probably __________ than her agemates who were not stricken with persistent diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

Persistent diarrhea in early childhood can lead to malnutrition and stunted growth, resulting in a shorter height compared to agemates who did not suffer from the same condition.

Question 2

Which statement about unintentional injuries in childhood is true?

Accepted Answer

Boys are more likely than girls to engage in risk-taking behaviors, leading to more severe injuries.

Question 3

Which statement is supported by research on nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that offering sweet fruit drinks or soft drinks can lead to children choosing these over milk, a phenomenon known as "milk avoidance." This can result in reduced intake of essential nutrients provided by milk.

Question 4

__________ are strongly associated with childhood injury.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that poverty, single parenthood, and low parental education are strongly associated with childhood injury. These factors are often linked to a lack of resources, supervision, and knowledge about child safety.

Question 5

In the United States,__________ is/are the leading cause of death among school-age children and adolescents.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death among school-age children and adolescents in the United States. In 2018, a total of 2,121 children aged 0-19 years died in motor vehicle collisions. This is higher than the number of deaths from any other cause among this age group.

Question 6

Jenny is considering choosing not to immunize her newborn son due to a suggested link between a mercury-based preservative used in vaccines and autism.Jenny should know that large-scale studies show __________ association with autism and __________ effects on cognitive performance.

Accepted Answer

Large-scale studies have repeatedly shown no association between the mercury-based preservative used in vaccines and autism. Furthermore, there is no consistent evidence that immunization has negative effects on cognitive performance. Therefore, Jenny should not base her decision on the suggested link between vaccines and autism.

Question 7

In developing countries,widespread __________ leads to growth stunting and an estimated 1 million childhood deaths each year.

Accepted Answer

Widespread diarrhea in developing countries leads to dehydration and malnutrition, which in turn leads to growth stunting and a weakened immune system, resulting in an increased risk of childhood deaths from other illnesses. According to the World Health Organization, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, with approximately 1.5 million deaths annually.

Question 8

Many poverty-stricken U.S.children __________.

Accepted Answer

Many poverty-stricken U.S. children do not receive full immunization protection until it is required for school entry because of economic barriers to healthcare access.

Question 9

In industrialized nations,childhood diseases have declined dramatically during the past half-century,largely as a result of __________.

Accepted Answer

Widespread immunization of infants and young children has contributed significantly to the decline in childhood diseases in industrialized nations. Other factors may have also played a role, but this is the most significant factor.

Question 10

Most developmental impairments and deaths due to diarrhea can be prevented with oral rehydration therapy (ORT),which consists of __________.

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) consists of a solution of glucose, salt, and water, which helps to replenish fluids and electrolytes lost due to diarrhea. Iron supplements, antiviral drugs, and immunization of infants and young children may be important in preventing other health issues but are not directly related to the treatment of diarrhea through ORT.

Question 11

In a Dutch study,mothers who pressured their child to eat __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a Dutch study,mothers who pressured their...

Question 12

With the transition to early childhood,many children __________.

Accepted Answer

During the transition to early childhood, many children become unpredictable and picky eaters, which is a common developmental phase.

Question 13

The leading cause of childhood mortality in industrialized nations is __________.

Accepted Answer

Unintentional injuries, such as car accidents, drowning, and falls, are the leading cause of childhood mortality in industrialized nations. Other options, such as malnutrition and childhood diseases, may be more prevalent in developing countries, but are not the leading cause of death in industrialized nations.

Question 14

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)prompts the thyroid gland in the neck to release __________,which is necessary for brain development and for growth hormone (GH)to have its full impact on body size.

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) prompts the thyroid gland in the neck to release thyroxine, which is necessary for brain development and for growth hormone (GH) to have its full impact on body size. Therefore, the best choice is C - thyroxine.

Question 15

Four-year-old Erin is a picky eater.How can Erin's parents encourage her to eat a new food?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that repeated exposure to a new food without any direct pressure to eat it can increase a child's willingness to try it. This can be done by serving the new food alongside familiar foods or offering small tastes over time. It's important to avoid any negative associations with the new food, such as forcing or bribing the child to eat it, as this can backfire and make the child even more resistant to trying new foods in the future.

Question 16

Low-cost supplements of __________ substantially reduce the incidence of severe and prolonged diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

According to research, low-cost supplements of zinc have been found to significantly reduce the incidence of severe and prolonged diarrhea. Iron, folic acid, and vitamin D have not been shown to have a significant impact on diarrhea.

Question 17

What is one reason the United States lags behind Australia,Canada,Denmark,the Netherlands,Norway,Sweden,and the United Kingdom in immunizations?

Accepted Answer

Many low-income U.S. families do not have adequate health insurance coverage, which could prevent them from receiving immunizations due to cost barriers. In contrast, countries like Australia, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom have universal healthcare systems that provide free or affordable vaccines to all citizens regardless of income. Uninsured children in the U.S. may qualify for free vaccines through programs like the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program, but not all families may be aware of or able to access these resources. Option A is partially correct but does not fully explain the reason why the U.S. lags behind other countries in immunizations. Option B is incorrect because while some diseases have been reduced in the U.S., immunizations are still necessary to prevent outbreaks and protect vulnerable populations. Option D is also incorrect as there is no scientific evidence that vaccines cause autism, and this belief has been debunked by numerous studies.

Question 18

By the school years,__________ U.S.children are,on average,½ to 1 inch shorter than their __________ counterparts.

Accepted Answer

Low-SES (socioeconomic status) children are, on average, shorter than their economically advantaged counterparts due to factors like nutrition, health care access, and living conditions that can affect growth.

Question 19

Worldwide,__________ percent of deaths of children under age 5 are __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Worldwide,__________ percent of deaths of children under...

Question 20

Priya was born with a deficiency of thyroxine.She did not receive prompt treatment.Priya is most likely __________.

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine is a hormone that plays a crucial role in development and growth, especially in the brain. Without prompt treatment, Priya would have suffered developmental delays and intellectual disabilities.

Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood