Question 1

__________ is one-third greater in both younger and older active sports participants than in healthy,inactive agemates.

Accepted Answer

Vital capacity, which is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after taking a deep breath, is known to decrease with age and inactivity. However, studies have shown that younger and older adults who participate in active sports have a vital capacity that is one-third greater than their inactive agemates, indicating the positive impact of physical activity on lung function. Muscle loss (B) and the conversion of slow-twitch into fast-twitch muscle fibers (D) can occur with aging and inactivity, but are not specifically related to the increase in vital capacity observed in active sports participants. The speed of muscle contractions (C) may also decrease with age and inactivity, but is not mentioned in the given statement.

Question 2

Most Americans eat __________.

Accepted Answer

Most Americans eat based on feelings of hunger or because it aligns with meal times, rather than strictly for nutritional needs or following recommended dietary guidelines.

Question 3

Yao is 45 years old.How has the maximum vital capacity of his lungs changed from when he was 25?

Accepted Answer

As a person ages, their maximum vital capacity of lungs reduces. It typically decreases by about 20 percent from when they were 25 years old.

Question 4

Carly,age 24,has a 22 percent increase over average body weight,based on her age,sex,and physical build.Carly is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carly,age 24,has a 22 percent increase over...

Question 5

Which athlete's skills will probably peak latest in life?

Accepted Answer

Long-distance running requires endurance and stamina, which can take longer to develop and reach peak performance compared to sprinting, tennis, or high-jumping. Therefore, Rose is most likely to see her skills peak later in life.

Question 6

Atherosclerosis typically develops __________.

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis often begins early in life and progresses over decades, becoming more apparent and symptomatic during middle adulthood.

Question 7

T cells __________.

Accepted Answer

T cells directly attack foreign substances in the body, including infected cells and cancerous cells, using different mechanisms such as releasing cytotoxic chemicals or activating other immune cells. T cells do not secrete antibodies themselves but can stimulate B cells to produce antibodies. They are not neutralized or destroyed during the immune response, but some subsets may become exhausted or undergo programmed cell death to regulate the immune response.

Question 8

__________ secrete antibodies into the bloodstream that multiply,capture foreign substances,and permit the blood system to destroy them.

Accepted Answer

B cells are the cells responsible for secreting antibodies into the bloodstream. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immune responses. Telomeres are structures at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division, but are not directly related to the immune system. Antigens are foreign substances that trigger an immune response.

Question 9

As the lens of the eye stiffens and thickens with age,__________.

Accepted Answer

As the lens of the eye becomes stiffer and thicker with age, it becomes more difficult to adjust its shape to focus on near objects. This results in a decline in the ability to focus on close objects, known as presbyopia. The other options are incorrect as they do not match the changes that occur with age-related changes in the lens.

Question 10

The immune response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy __________ in the body.

Accepted Answer

The immune response aims to neutralize or destroy antigens or foreign substances in the body that can cause harm or illness. T cells and B cells are specialized cells that are involved in the immune response, but they do not themselves cause neutralization or destruction of antigens. Telomeres are structures found on the ends of chromosomes and are not directly involved in the immune response.

Question 11

To study the impact of biological aging on motor skills,researchers focus on __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To study the impact of biological aging...

Question 12

Vivica,who is African American,and Jolene,who is European American,are both active and eat healthy foods.Which statement is true about their risk of hypertension and heart disease as they age?

Accepted Answer

African Americans, including Vivica in this scenario, generally have a higher risk of both hypertension and heart disease compared to European Americans, like Jolene, even when controlling for lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity.

Question 13

Darlene has heavy deposits of plaque containing cholesterol and fats collected on the walls of her main arteries.Darlene has __________.

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is the build-up of plaque, containing cholesterol and fats, on the walls of arteries, which can eventually reduce or block blood flow. Hypertension (option A) is high blood pressure; osteoporosis (option B) is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, and arrhythmia (option C) is an irregular heartbeat.

Question 14

From 1970 to 2014,the birthrate __________.

Accepted Answer

The birthrate increased significantly for women in their thirties during this period, reflecting a trend of women having children later in life.

Question 15

Regena,age 50,is likely to have __________ than 25-year-old Owen.

Accepted Answer

The thymus, which is crucial for the immune system, typically decreases in size with age, meaning a 50-year-old like Regena is likely to have a smaller thymus compared to a 25-year-old like Owen.

Question 16

__________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet.

Accepted Answer

Sex hormones can influence how the body processes and stores fat, potentially heightening the effects of a high-fat diet.

Question 17

Physical changes of aging begin in the __________ system in the late thirties,accelerate in the fifties,and slow in the seventies.

Accepted Answer

The skeletal system begins to show physical changes of aging in the late thirties, with bone density decreasing, which accelerates in the fifties and slows in the seventies.

Question 18

Which statement about the relationships among income,education,occupational status,and health in the United States is true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there are strong and consistent relationships between income, education, and occupational status with various health indicators and diseases over a person's lifetime. Individuals with higher SES tend to have better health outcomes than those with lower SES due to factors such as access to healthcare, healthy living environments, and better health behaviors.

Option B is incorrect because research has shown that socioeconomic status does indeed account for the racial/ethnic health disparities in the United States.

Option C is incorrect because despite having higher incomes, poor families in the United States still face significant disparities in health outcomes.

Option D is incorrect because individuals with lower SES tend to experience greater exposure to environmental factors such as pollution and substandard housing, which can negatively impact their health.

Question 19

What was discovered when the mean ages for best performance of Olympic and professional athletes in a variety of sports were charted over time?

Accepted Answer

Absolute performance in most events improved over time due to advancements in training, nutrition, and technology, even though the ages of peak performance did not necessarily change significantly.

Question 20

Which statement about U.S.death rates and causes of death is true?

Accepted Answer

Death rates for all causes exceed those of many other industrialized nations. This statement is true according to data from the World Health Organization. The U.S. has higher death rates for most causes of death compared to other developed countries.

Quiz 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood