Question 1

Nat is 42.His sister,Kiana,is 25.Which statement is the most likely to be true based solely on their ages?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that as people age, they often develop better coping mechanisms and strategies for dealing with life's challenges, including planning for future discomforts. This is attributed to life experience and emotional maturity.

Question 2

Guy is reserved,quiet,passive,sober,and emotionally unreactive.He is low in which "big five" personality trait?

Accepted Answer

Guy's traits of being reserved, quiet, passive, sober, and emotionally unreactive suggest that he is low in extroversion, which is characterized by outgoing, talkative, and assertive behavior.

Question 3

In adulthood,__________ is associated with cognitive flexibility,creativity,advanced moral reasoning,and psychosocial maturity.

Accepted Answer

Androgyny refers to possessing both masculine and feminine traits in relatively equal measure. Research has indicated that androgynous individuals tend to have better cognitive flexibility, creativity, advanced moral reasoning, and psychosocial maturity compared to individuals who are highly masculine or highly feminine.

Question 4

Hart volunteers with Habitat for Humanity.When he is at a work site,he is so engrossed in activity that he loses all sense of time and self-awareness.When he volunteers,Hart experiences __________.

Accepted Answer

The experience of losing all sense of time and self-awareness while being fully engaged in an activity is commonly described as flow.

Question 5

Which statement is true about psychological well-being in midlife?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that the role of marriage in mental health becomes increasingly important with age, with marital satisfaction being a powerful predictor of psychological well-being by late midlife. A, C, and D are all incorrect statements.

Question 6

Individuals who are low in conscientiousness are __________.

Accepted Answer

People who are low in conscientiousness tend to have a lack of self-discipline and organization, which often results in negligence, laziness, and aimlessness. They struggle to maintain a consistent work ethic and may be unreliable in meeting deadlines.

Question 7

In longitudinal research,__________ gained most in dominance,assertiveness,and outspokenness by their early fifties.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women who attain high status in their careers tend to gain significant levels of dominance, assertiveness, and outspokenness by their early fifties in longitudinal research. This is likely due to the exposure and experience gained through their professional roles and responsibilities. Other groups such as women who stayed at home to raise children or nonworking women who had no children may not have had the same level of exposure and experience in leadership roles, which may limit their gains in dominance, assertiveness, and outspokenness over time. Non-college-educated women with part-time jobs may also not have had the same level of opportunities for growth and development in their careers as those who attained higher levels of education and pursued full-time employment.

Question 8

Sudie is calm,even-tempered,self-content,comfortable,unemotional,and hardy.She is low in which "big five" personality trait?

Accepted Answer

Sudie's calm, even-tempered, and unemotional nature suggests that she is low in neuroticism, which refers to the tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, and sadness. She may still possess some level of the other traits, but the given information highlights her low level of neuroticism.

Question 9

A wealth of earlier studies reported __________ in midlife.

Accepted Answer

The option D is the only one that includes a potential increase in both masculine and feminine traits, which is known as androgyny. The other options only refer to an increase in one type of trait or a decrease in the opposite trait. Additionally, the question mentions "earlier studies," implying that there is existing research that supports this option.

Question 10

Gregor,age 17,is high in conscientiousness.Gregor __________.

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness tends to increase through middle age and then plateau or slightly decline in later adulthood. Therefore, Gregor can anticipate that this trait will increase through middle age.

Question 11

Jay,age 50,is finally comfortable with himself.He is more independent,assertive,and committed to his personal values than he was in early adulthood.Jay probably believes that midlife is __________.

Accepted Answer

Jay's comfort with himself and commitment to personal values suggest that he sees midlife as "the prime of life."

Question 12

Neuroticism __________ from adolescence through middle age.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that neuroticism tends to decline from adolescence through middle age. This may be due to increased emotional stability, maturation, and life experience.

Question 13

Some evidence reveals a link between children's departure from the home and __________.

Accepted Answer

The question is about the changes that occur in parents when children leave home. The correct answer is D because it suggests that men may become more open to their "feminine" side, implying a change in behavior or personality that could be triggered by their children's departure. The other options do not directly relate to the situation of children leaving home.

Question 14

In recently gathered self-reports,__________.

Accepted Answer

The self-reports indicate that men's and women's endorsement of "masculine" and "feminine" traits showed little change throughout adulthood.

Question 15

Individuals who are high in agreeableness are __________.

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are high in agreeableness are known to be soft-hearted, trusting, generous, and good-natured. This personality trait is characterized by a desire to avoid conflict, a willingness to help others, and a general tendency towards kindness and empathy. People who are high in agreeableness are often well-liked because they are easy to get along with and are quick to offer support and assistance when needed.

Question 16

Which statement is true about the "big five" personality traits?

Accepted Answer

The individual differences in the "big five" traits are large and highly stable, meaning that they are consistent throughout a person's life. Additionally, research suggests that these traits are inherited to a certain extent, further supporting their stability.

Question 17

In comparisons of Japanese and Korean adults with same-age U.S.MIDUS participants,__________.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that the highest well-being scores for Japanese and Koreans were on positive relations with others, while there is no information provided to support options A, B, or D.

Question 18

__________ increase(s)from early to middle adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy, or the sense of being in control of one's own life, tends to increase from early to middle adulthood as individuals gain more life experience and develop a greater sense of independence. Possible selves, or the different roles and identities an individual may envision themselves taking on in the future, may also increase during this time, but this is not a specific answer choice. Self-doubt and destructiveness may decrease during this time as individuals gain greater confidence and are better able to regulate their emotions.

Question 19

Compared with younger people,middle-aged adults see themselves as __________.

Accepted Answer

Middle-aged adults typically have more experience in managing various responsibilities and roles in their lives compared to younger individuals, which may lead to a sense of capability in managing complex tasks.

Question 20

Nora is imaginative,creative,original,curious,and liberal.She is high in which "big five" personality trait?

Accepted Answer

The traits described (imaginative, creative, original, curious, and liberal) are associated with high levels of openness to experience, one of the five major personality traits, also known as the Big Five.

Quiz 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood