Question 1

After retirement,older adults' problem-solving activities typically involve __________.

Accepted Answer

IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) refer to activities necessary for independent living, such as managing finances, transportation, and household tasks. As older adults retire and may experience physical or cognitive decline, problem-solving activities often revolve around managing and adapting to changes in these areas. Marital difficulties, disputes with neighbors, and relating to children may also be issues for some older adults, but they are not necessarily the most common or typical problem-solving activities.

Question 2

Earl has broad practical knowledge,emotional maturity,and the ability to apply his knowledge to make life more worthwhile.Earl demonstrates __________.

Accepted Answer

Earl's ability to apply his knowledge to improve his life demonstrates wisdom, which is the integration of broad practical knowledge, emotional maturity, and the ability to think critically in the face of complex, uncertain situations.

Question 3

In longitudinal research,__________ declined cognitively at a faster rate than counterparts,even after initial health status,mental test performance,and SES were controlled.

Accepted Answer

The sentence indicates that cognitive decline was observed in a particular group, even after controlling for factors such as health status, mental test performance, and socioeconomic status. The only answer choice that is a known risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia is cigarette smoking. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 4

When speaking,older adults tend to __________ than younger people.

Accepted Answer

As we age, our working memory and cognitive abilities decline, making it more difficult to retrieve specific names and nouns. Therefore, older adults tend to rely on pronouns more frequently as they communicate.

Question 5

Van sometimes has trouble finding the right words to convey his thoughts.He often says,"It is right on the tip of my tongue." Like many older adults,Van is most likely __________.

Accepted Answer

Van's difficulty in finding the right words suggests a problem with retrieval from long-term memory, which is a common issue for older adults. Option A is not supported by the information provided, and there is no indication that Van is attending more closely to conversation (Option B) or losing interest in it (Option D).

Question 6

Wisdom __________.

Accepted Answer

Wisdom is often associated with a deep understanding of life, human nature, and the complexities of the human condition, reflecting a high level of insight and discernment.

Question 7

Which statement is true about problem solving in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that as people age, they tend to become more conflict-avoidant and try to maintain positive relationships, which may lead them to avoid or downplay problems that could lead to conflict.

Answer: B 
 Studies have shown that older adults tend to rely less on the advice of others, instead preferring to use their own experiences and expertise to solve problems.

Answer: D 
 Older adults have been found to be more likely to adopt a "wait and see" approach when it comes to health issues, rather than seeking prompt medical attention. This may be due to concerns about the invasiveness and potential risks of medical procedures.

Question 8

Compared with their agemates,older adults with the cognitive,reflective,and emotional qualities that make up wisdom __________.

Accepted Answer

Older adults with wisdom are more likely to have a sense of purpose in life, as wisdom involves understanding the meaning and purpose of life experiences. They do not necessarily score lower on openness to experience, have fewer positive relations with others, or be less likely to be generative.

Question 9

Orlando,age 82,is asked to describe important life events,noting the age at which each occurred.Among remote events recalled,Orlando is most likely to focus on events that occurred __________.

Accepted Answer

Orlando is most likely to focus on events that occurred between ages 10 and 30, a phenomenon known as the reminiscence bump. This period is when many significant life milestones often occur, and people tend to have vivid memories of these years.

Question 10

Florence is more likely to __________ than her adult grandchildren.

Accepted Answer

As people age, they tend to experience more tip-of-the-tongue states, which is the feeling of knowing a word but not being able to retrieve it. However, older adults also tend to have more strategies for resolving these states and retrieving the word. Therefore, Florence is more likely to resolve tip-of-the-tongue states at a higher rate than her adult grandchildren.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an event-based memory task?

Accepted Answer

An event-based memory task is when a person remembers to do something based on a specific event or trigger, such as remembering to take medicine when an alarm goes off. The other options are not event-based; instead, they involve remembering something based on a schedule (B), a planned activity (C), or a past event (D).

Question 12

In trying to remember a future activity,younger adults rely more on __________,older adults on __________.

Accepted Answer

Younger adults tend to rely more on rehearsal strategies to remember future activities, while older adults often use memory aids, such as lists or reminders, to help them remember.

Question 13

A common technique used by many older adults to compensate for their difficulties in producing language is to __________.

Accepted Answer

Using more sentences to convey their message is a common compensation technique used by older adults with language difficulties. By breaking down complex ideas into simpler sentences, they can better communicate their ideas and reduce the chances of being misunderstood.

Question 14

An accelerating falloff in cognitive performance or in emotional investment in life is __________.

Accepted Answer

An accelerating falloff in cognitive performance or in emotional investment in life is a sign of loss of vitality and impending death, rather than being unusual in healthy older adults or expected in adults soon after age 100. While disuse of skills can contribute to cognitive decline, biological aging is also a significant factor.

Question 15

Interviews with professional actors reveal that most memorize lines by __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Interviews with professional actors reveal that most...

Question 16

In the year before Trudy died,her friends and family noticed that she had become less active and more withdrawn,even in their company.Trudy experienced __________.

Accepted Answer

Trudy's behavior suggests that she was experiencing terminal decline, which is a decrease in cognitive and physical functioning that often occurs in the last years of life. This decline can cause individuals to become less active and more socially withdrawn. Choices A, B, and D do not fit with the given scenario.

Question 17

Compared with younger married couples,older couples more often __________.

Accepted Answer

Older couples more often collaborate in problem solving, while younger couples may still be learning how to work together effectively. In general, older couples may have more experience and skills in navigating complex issues and communicating effectively.

Question 18

Which statement is true about cognitive intervention in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that older adults' metacognitive abilities remain relatively well-preserved, allowing them to benefit more from cognitive training interventions that teach strategies for improving cognitive functioning. However, these interventions are not always effective in fully reversing age-related declines.

Question 19

In a series of studies,when older adults were assigned to theater-arts training,singing lessons,or no-intervention control groups,__________.

Accepted Answer

Theater-training participants showed greater gains on tests of working-memory capacity.

Question 20

For most of late adulthood,cognitive declines are __________.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive declines in late adulthood are typically gradual, meaning they occur slowly over time rather than suddenly or rapidly. While there may be some variation in the rate and severity of declines, they are generally not swift or extensive, and rare cases of significant cognitive decline are often related to health conditions or other factors.

Quiz 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood