Question 1

When an individual evaluates and forms overall impressions of others based solely on a specific trait or dimension, such as enthusiasm, appearance, or intelligence, the process is known as
A) halo and horn effect.
B) stereotyping.
C) the Big Five Model.
D) authoritarianism.
E) dogmatism.

Accepted Answer

The halo and horn effect refers to the cognitive bias where an individual's overall impression of a person is influenced by how they feel or think about the person's character based on a single trait, such as intelligence or appearance. This can lead to a skewed perception of the person's other qualities based on that one trait.

Question 2

Suppose you are good at working with computers and occasionally help your supervisor overcome a computer problem. If your supervisor develops an overall impression of you solely on the basis of your ability to solve computer problems, he or she runs the risk of making an error in perception referred to as
A) halo or horn effect.
B) stereotyping.
C) investigative.
D) authoritarianism.
E) dogmatism.

Accepted Answer

The halo effect occurs when an overall impression of a person (positive or negative) is based on one trait or ability. In this scenario, the supervisor's perception of the individual's overall abilities and characteristics is influenced solely by their ability to solve computer problems, which is a classic example of the halo effect.

Question 3

Suppose you have very poor keyboard skills, and as a result of this weakness in one area, your supervisor has developed the impression that you are weak in all areas. Your supervisor would be making a perceptual error referred to as
A) dogmatism.
B) emotional stability.
C) stereotyping.
D) authoritarianism.
E) halo or horn effect.

Accepted Answer

The halo or horn effect refers to the cognitive bias where an observer's overall impression of a person influences their feelings and thoughts about that person's character or properties. In this scenario, the supervisor's perception of poor keyboard skills negatively impacts their overall impression of the employee's abilities, demonstrating the horn effect, a specific type of the halo effect.

Question 4

Sally can study for an exam in the cafeteria or the main floor of the student union. She says that she doesn't even notice the noise of the other students. Sally is
A) illustrating selective perception.
B) a type A personality.
C) a type B personality.
D) conscientious.
E) a high self-monitor.

Accepted Answer

Selective perception allows individuals to filter out distractions or noise, focusing only on what is relevant to them. In this case, Sally's ability to study without noticing the noise of other students is an example of selective perception.

Question 5

An existing capacity to perform various tasks needed in a given situation is called
A) preparedness.
B) ability.
C) personality.
D) attitude.
E) power.

Accepted Answer

Ability refers to the existing capacity or skill to perform tasks or actions, which is the most accurate description among the options provided.

Question 6

Akbar enjoys putting together jigsaw puzzles. He is also very good at it. Akbar displays his __________ when doing the puzzles.
A) mechanical ability
B) psychomotor ability
C) aptitude
D) cognitive ability
E) mental or intellectual ability

Accepted Answer

The answer of Akbar enjoys putting together jigsaw puzzles. He...

Question 7

Teachers must have the capacity to speak in front of others, advise students, and motivate others to learn. The capacity to perform these various tasks is called
A) norms.
B) attitudes.
C) personality.
D) abilities.
E) cognition.

Accepted Answer

Abilities refer to the skills and competencies that enable an individual to perform specific tasks, such as speaking in front of others, advising, and motivating, which are essential for teachers.

Question 8

__________ ability includes such things as manual dexterity, eye-hand coordination, and manipulative ability.
A) Psychomotor
B) Mental
C) Intellectual
D) Realistic
E) Psychological

Accepted Answer

Psychomotor ability refers to the capacity to manipulate and control physical objects, which involves skills such as manual dexterity and eye-hand coordination.

Question 9

__________ ability is important for problem-solving because it involves the capacity to transform information, generate alternatives, memorize, and consider implications.
A) Psychological
B) Mechanical
C) Mental or intellectual
D) Psychomotor
E) Emotional

Accepted Answer

Mental or intellectual ability is crucial for problem-solving as it encompasses the skills needed to process information, think creatively, remember solutions, and evaluate outcomes.

Question 10

Conceptual skills used by managers are an example of
A) psychomotor abilities.
B) intellectual abilities.
C) mechanical abilities.
D) aptitude.
E) conscientiousness.

Accepted Answer

Conceptual skills involve the ability to understand complex situations and to develop creative solutions, which are aspects of intellectual abilities. These skills are crucial for managers to analyze situations, plan strategies, and solve problems effectively.

Question 11

The relatively lasting beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies held by a person about specific objects, events, groups, issues, or persons are called
A) attitudes.
B) personalities.
C) perceptions.
D) abilities.
E) traits.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes are defined as relatively enduring beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards specific objects, events, groups, issues, or persons.

Question 12

As the manager of a seafood restaurant, Jennifer observes her employees to make sure that their __________, or the beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies held by her employees do not offend to her customers. Heather is concerned about her employees'
A) traits.
B) aptitudes.
C) personalities.
D) attitudes.
E) abilities.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes refer to the beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies that individuals hold, which is relevant to ensuring employees do not offend customers.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about attitudes is not true?
A) Attitudes result from a person's background.
B) Attitudes are completely consistent with objective reality.
C) Attitudes may not be factual.
D) Attitudes result from a person's life experiences.
E) Attitudes results from a person's personality.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes are subjective and can be influenced by a person's perceptions, experiences, and emotions, which means they are not always completely consistent with objective reality.

Question 14

Lack of consistency between attitudes and behaviors tends to make people want to reconcile their
A) commitment.
B) locus of control.
C) judgment.
D) cognitive dissonance.
E) performance.

Accepted Answer

Lack of consistency between attitudes and behaviors leads to cognitive dissonance, a psychological discomfort that individuals are motivated to resolve by changing their attitudes or behaviors to achieve consistency.

Question 15

Giraldo's position requires travel. He has noticed that his company rejects many of his legitimate expenses. Giraldo has very high ethical standards and does not even tell social "white lies," but when he talks with other managers that travel, they all tell him to embellish his travel expenses. The other managers tell Giraldo that he is the only one that doesn't get totally repaid for his travel and the only way to get repaid to exaggerate the expenses. If Giraldo starts embellishing his expenses, he will probably feel
A) conscientious.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) judged.
D) job satisfaction.
E) none of the other answers.

Accepted Answer

Giraldo, who has very high ethical standards, would likely experience cognitive dissonance if he starts embellishing his expenses because this action conflicts with his personal values and beliefs about honesty. Cognitive dissonance occurs when a person's actions are not in harmony with their beliefs or values, leading to discomfort.

Question 16

I subscribe to caller ID and to call waiting from the telephone company. Now, I am not so sure it is worth it. It seems expensive and kind of a waste to me. There is a current advertising campaign by the local phone company that is telling me that caller ID and call waiting can actually help me - don't miss a call from an important friend when I am on the line with another; don't have to answer calls if I know that a salesperson is calling me, etc. After seeing and hearing that ad for a few times, I am beginning to feel better about having caller ID and call waiting. This demonstrates the idea of
A) a person with an internal locus of control
B) a way to increase cognitive dissonance
C) a way to decrease cognitive dissonance
D) a way to increase self-esteem
E) a way to increase need for authoritarianism

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes a reduction in cognitive dissonance, which occurs when new information (the advertising campaign) helps reconcile conflicting feelings about the value of caller ID and call waiting, leading to a more positive perception of the services.

Question 17

Recently, Jon Myers has had very negative feeling about his job. Jon's feelings would be considered part of the attitude called
A) job satisfaction.
B) organizational commitment.
C) job involvement.
D) job adjustment.
E) career ambition.

Accepted Answer

Job satisfaction refers to an individual's feelings or emotional responses towards their job, including aspects such as work itself, pay, promotion opportunities, and work conditions. Negative feelings about one's job directly relate to job satisfaction.

Question 18

When discussing their yearly evaluations with her employees, Margaret always asks her employees how they feel about their position. Margaret is trying to assess her employees'
A) extroversion.
B) career ambition.
C) locus of control.
D) job satisfaction.
E) job engagement.

Accepted Answer

Margaret is assessing her employees' job satisfaction by asking how they feel about their position, which directly relates to their contentment, happiness, and comfort with their job roles.

Question 19

The Job Descriptive Index evaluates all of the following characteristics of job satisfaction except one. The one exception is
A) the work itself.
B) pay.
C) relations with coworkers.
D) the importance of geographic location.
E) promotional opportunities.

Accepted Answer

The Job Descriptive Index evaluates aspects of job satisfaction related to the work itself, pay, relations with coworkers, and promotional opportunities, but it does not evaluate the importance of geographic location.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a critical requirement of an effective group?
A) Members must have an interdependent relationship.
B) Members must interact through conversation or work activities.
C) Mutual influence.
D) Common purpose.
E) Must be affiliated with the same organization.

Accepted Answer

An effective group does not necessarily require members to be affiliated with the same organization. Groups can be effective with members from different organizations as long as they meet other criteria such as having an interdependent relationship, interacting through conversation or work activities, mutual influence, and a common purpose.

Quiz 13: Exploring Individual Differences and Team Dynamics

When an individual evaluates and forms overall impressions of others based solely on a specific trait or dimension, such as enthusiasm, appearance, or intelligence, the process is known as

Suppose you have very poor keyboard skills, and as a result of this weakness in one area, your supervisor has developed the impression that you are weak in all areas. Your supervisor would be making a perceptual error referred to as

Sally can study for an exam in the cafeteria or the main floor of the student union. She says that she doesn't even notice the noise of the other students. Sally is

An existing capacity to perform various tasks needed in a given situation is called

Akbar enjoys putting together jigsaw puzzles. He is also very good at it. Akbar displays his __________ when doing the puzzles.

Teachers must have the capacity to speak in front of others, advise students, and motivate others to learn. The capacity to perform these various tasks is called

__________ ability includes such things as manual dexterity, eye-hand coordination, and manipulative ability.

__________ ability is important for problem-solving because it involves the capacity to transform information, generate alternatives, memorize, and consider implications.

Conceptual skills used by managers are an example of

The relatively lasting beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies held by a person about specific objects, events, groups, issues, or persons are called

As the manager of a seafood restaurant, Jennifer observes her employees to make sure that their __________, or the beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies held by her employees do not offend to her customers. Heather is concerned about her employees'

Which of the following statements about attitudes is not true?

Lack of consistency between attitudes and behaviors tends to make people want to reconcile their

Recently, Jon Myers has had very negative feeling about his job. Jon's feelings would be considered part of the attitude called

When discussing their yearly evaluations with her employees, Margaret always asks her employees how they feel about their position. Margaret is trying to assess her employees'

The Job Descriptive Index evaluates all of the following characteristics of job satisfaction except one. The one exception is

Which of the following is not a critical requirement of an effective group?