Question 1

________ identifies appropriate methods to collect data, helps to identify concepts to be studied, tests ideas for their impact on the subject under study, analyzes related concepts, and suggests new directions for theorizing.

Accepted Answer

Research is the process that involves identifying methods to collect data, testing ideas, analyzing concepts, and suggesting new directions for theorizing.

Question 2

Miller v. Alabama (2016) made retroactive the end of life without parole for those sentenced as juveniles.

Accepted Answer

Miller v. Alabama was decided in 2012, and it held that mandatory life without parole for those under the age of 18 at the time of their crimes violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments. The decision making it retroactive was Montgomery v. Louisiana in 2016.

Question 3

Adolescence is considered to be the years between ages 11 and 17.

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is generally considered to be the period between ages 10 and 19, encompassing the transition from childhood to adulthood.

Question 4

Until child labor laws were actually enforced, children as young as ages four and five worked in mines, mills, and factories.

Accepted Answer

Historically, before the enforcement of child labor laws, it was common for very young children, including those as young as four and five, to work in harsh conditions in mines, mills, and factories. This practice was prevalent during the Industrial Revolution and earlier periods, particularly in the 19th and early 20th centuries, until reforms and legislation began to prohibit such exploitative labor.

Question 5

High-risk youths typically do not have educational and vocational skill deficits.

Accepted Answer

High-risk youths often face educational and vocational skill deficits, which can hinder their ability to succeed in traditional academic or employment settings.

Question 6

The average American delinquent today is far more likely to commit a serious violent crime than to commit petty theft.

Accepted Answer

While there are instances of serious violent crimes committed by juveniles, the majority of delinquent acts by young people in the United States are not violent. According to various crime reports and statistics, offenses such as theft, vandalism, and underage drinking are more common among juveniles than serious violent crimes.

Question 7

Status offenses would be defined as criminal if adults committed them.

Accepted Answer

Status offenses are actions that are considered violations of the law only because of the age of the offender, such as truancy or curfew violations, which would not be illegal if committed by an adult.

Question 8

Juvenile court codes exist in every state.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Juvenile court codes exist in every state....

Question 9

The juvenile court may intervene in cases involving dependency and neglect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The juvenile court may intervene in cases...

Question 10

The age at which a youthful offender is no longer treated as a juvenile is consistent across the states.

Accepted Answer

The age at which a youthful offender is no longer treated as a juvenile varies by state, with some states setting the maximum age for juvenile court jurisdiction at 16, while others set it at 17 or 18.

Question 11

Status offenders frequently come from single-parent homes and often engage in verbal and physical abuse directed toward the parent(s).

Accepted Answer

Status offenders, who are juveniles charged with offenses that wouldn't be considered crimes if committed by adults (such as truancy or running away from home), often come from challenging family environments. Research has shown that these youths frequently come from single-parent homes and may engage in both verbal and physical abuse directed toward their parent(s), reflecting broader issues of family dysfunction and conflict.

Question 12

The deinstitutionalization of status offenders has received considerable pushback in the past few decades.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The deinstitutionalization of status offenders has received...

Question 13

Meda Chesney-Lind and Linda Pasko argue that the juvenile justice system discriminates against girls.

Accepted Answer

Meda Chesney-Lind and Linda Pasko have argued that the juvenile justice system discriminates against girls, particularly in how it processes and punishes their offenses differently from boys, often ignoring the context of their actions and the specific challenges they face.

Question 14

Public whippings and expulsion from the community were common punishments for chronic offenders during the Reform Agenda era.

Accepted Answer

The Reform Agenda era focused on rehabilitation and reform rather than corporal punishment or expulsion.

Question 15

The major purpose of the reform agenda of the late 1970s was to divert the handling of status offenses from a criminal to a noncriminal setting.

Accepted Answer

The reform agenda of the late 1970s aimed to address status offenses (behaviors not considered crimes if committed by adults, such as truancy or running away from home) by moving their handling from the criminal justice system to noncriminal settings, focusing on treatment, support, and diversion programs.

Question 16

By the early 2000s, the use of guns had spread from individuals involved in drug transactions to larger numbers of young people, and the availability and use of guns, the spread of the drug market, and the growth of street gangs all contributed to a dramatic rise in murder rates among young people.

Accepted Answer

The early 2000s saw a significant increase in violent crimes, particularly among young people, due to the proliferation of firearms, the expansion of the drug market, and the growth of street gangs, all of which contributed to higher murder rates.

Question 17

At the individual level, one of the most important concepts in the area of delinquency prevention is resiliency.

Accepted Answer

Resiliency, the ability to overcome challenges and bounce back from adversity, is crucial in delinquency prevention as it helps individuals navigate difficult situations without resorting to delinquent behavior.

Question 18

Delinquency prevention asks what can be done to improve the quality of young people's lives and provides ideas for effectively treating and controlling youth crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Delinquency prevention asks what can be done...

Question 19

The life interval between childhood and adulthood, usually the period between the ages of twelve and eighteen years, is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The life interval between childhood and adulthood,...

Question 20

An act committed by a minor that violates the penal code of the government with authority over the area in which the act occurs is called juvenile ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An act committed by a minor that...

Quiz 1: Adolescence and Delinquency