Question 1

The maturation process appears to be involved in ________, as youths or adults become aware either of the desirability of pursuing a conventional lifestyle or of the undesirability of continuing with unlawful activities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The maturation process appears to be involved...

Question 2

Match each term or concept to its definition.
-General deterrence

Accepted Answer

General deterrence focuses on discouraging the general population from committing crimes by punishing specific individuals and making examples out of them.

Question 3

Match each term or concept to its definition.
-Soft determinism

Accepted Answer

Soft determinism suggests that while our choices may be influenced by external conditions or predetermined factors, there is still room for personal freedom within those constraints, aligning with the idea that freedom of choice varies by person or situation.

Question 4

Match each term or concept to its definition.
-Utilitarianism

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism is a doctrine emphasizing the greatest good for the greatest number, aligning with choice B's definition.

Question 5

Match each term or concept to its definition.
-Felicific calculus

Accepted Answer

Felicific calculus is a method devised by utilitarian philosophers to calculate the amount of pleasure and pain generated by an action, aiming to achieve a balance that maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain.

Question 6

Match each term or concept to its definition.
-Specific deterrence

Accepted Answer

Specific deterrence focuses on preventing an individual offender from committing future crimes by imposing a penalty on them, aiming to discourage them from repeating their criminal or delinquent acts.

Question 7

Match each theory to its description.
-Cognitive theory

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theory emphasizes how children think and how their thinking changes as they grow. It suggests that children learn from their environment and experiences, which aligns with the description in option D, focusing on the development of cognitive abilities through interaction.

Question 8

Match each theory to its description.
-Reinforcement theory

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement theory posits that behavior is motivated and modified by its consequences, with rewards increasing the likelihood of a behavior's repetition and punishments decreasing it.

Question 9

Match each theory to its description.
-Psychoanalytic theory

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory is based on the insights of Sigmund Freud, who emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. This theory has indeed influenced approaches to handling juvenile delinquency, among other areas.

Question 10

Match each theory to its description.
-Sociology

Accepted Answer

E  A) This description matches the theory of biological positivism, which considers both biological factors and environmental influences.  E) This description aligns with psychoanalytic theory, which is based on Freud's insights and has influenced approaches to juvenile delinquency.

Question 11

Match each theory to its description.
-Trait-based personality model

Accepted Answer

Trait-based personality models suggest that individual differences in behavior can be attributed to inherent personality traits. Choice B, which mentions delinquent behavior being attributed to inborn characteristics, aligns with the idea of trait-based models by emphasizing inherent personal characteristics as determinants of behavior.

Question 12

Define rational choice theory and discuss the impact that Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham had on the development of rational choice theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define rational choice theory and discuss the...

Question 13

What are the basic theoretical constructs of the classical school of criminology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the basic theoretical constructs of...

Question 14

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of rational choice theory. Cite some of the studies listed in the text.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of rational...

Question 15

In regard to the study of juvenile delinquency, please identify two significant contributions that Lombroso's theory made.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In regard to the study of juvenile...

Question 16

List some of the characteristics of a person suffering from ADHD.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List some of the characteristics of a...

Question 17

Describe the process in which Freud theorized how a person could become delinquent. Be sure to identify all the concepts and elements. Also, list the work of other psychologists who have taken the insights of psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the process in which Freud theorized...

Question 18

List some of the findings of the Montreal Longitudinal Experimental Study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List some of the findings of the...

Question 19

List some of the proposed explanations that explain changes in offending over time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List some of the proposed explanations that...

Question 20

The social contract is an unstated or explicit agreement between people and their government as to the rights and obligations of each. What are some examples of this?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The social contract is an unstated or...

Quiz 3: Individual Causes of Delinquency

The maturation process appears to be involved in ________, as youths or adults become aware either of the desirability of pursuing a conventional lifestyle or of the undesirability of continuing with unlawful activities.

Match each term or concept to its definition. -General deterrence

Match each term or concept to its definition. -Soft determinism

Match each term or concept to its definition. -Utilitarianism

Match each term or concept to its definition. -Felicific calculus

Match each term or concept to its definition. -Specific deterrence

Match each theory to its description. -Cognitive theory

Match each theory to its description. -Reinforcement theory

Match each theory to its description. -Psychoanalytic theory

Match each theory to its description. -Sociology

Match each theory to its description. -Trait-based personality model