Question 1

A professor asks her class to consider the following question: "What would you do if you could do anything you wanted without being held responsible or accountable for your behavior?"This is a question about the effects of

Accepted Answer

The question is about deindividuation, which refers to the loss of self-awareness and individual accountability in group situations, leading to behavior that individuals might not typically engage in if they were alone and accountable.

Question 2

A key factor in deindividuation is

Accepted Answer

Anonymity is a key factor in deindividuation as it reduces self-awareness and accountability, leading individuals to act in ways they might not typically behave when they are identifiable.

Question 3

Johnson and Downing (1979) had people wear nurses' uniforms and asked them to deliver shock to another person. They found that

Accepted Answer

Johnson and Downing (1979) found that wearing nurses' uniforms decreased the amount of shock given, suggesting that the uniforms activated a caring and helping role, which reduced aggressive behavior.

Question 4

Researchers distinguish between the subjective experience of crowding and

Accepted Answer

Social density refers to the objective measure of how many people are in a given space, whereas subjective experience of crowding is how individuals perceive and feel about that density.

Question 5

Most theories of crowding emphasize

Accepted Answer

Most theories of crowding emphasize cognitive processes, as they focus on how individuals perceive and interpret crowded environments, which can affect their feelings of discomfort or stress.

Question 6

Which of the following constitutes a group as defined by the text?

Accepted Answer

A group, in this context, is defined as a collection of individuals who interact with each other and share a common identity or goal. The members of the Dallas Cowboys football team interact regularly and share the common goal of playing football, making them a group.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an important element of group structure?

Accepted Answer

Social comparison is not an element of group structure; it refers to the process of comparing oneself to others to evaluate one's own abilities or opinions. Group structure typically includes social norms, social status, and social roles.

Question 8

Simon, Eder, and Evans (1992) conducted a study of social norms among a group of teenage girls. They traced the development of norms about

Accepted Answer

The answer of Simon, Eder, and Evans (1992) conducted a...

Question 9

According to _____ theory, group members want to achieve certain goals and are willing to confer high status on members who can help the group succeed.

Accepted Answer

Expectation states theory suggests that group members confer status on individuals who are perceived to be capable of helping the group achieve its goals.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a diffuse status characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Age is a diffuse status characteristic because it affects a person's life in many different ways. For example, age can affect a person's education, job opportunities, and social relationships.

Question 11

Which of the following factors does not influence group cohesiveness?

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the tendency for group members to make decisions that are more extreme than their initial inclination, and it does not directly influence the cohesiveness of the group.

Question 12

A(n) ________ task is one in which all group members must succeed for the group to succeed.

Accepted Answer

A conjunctive task is one in which all group members must succeed for the group to succeed.

Question 13

Your instructor divides the class into small groups for an important project. Your group includes a person who is clearly incapable of making a positive contribution to the project. You say to yourself, "Boy, I hope the instructor assigns our group a(n) _____ task!"

Accepted Answer

A disjunctive task is one that can be completed by any one member of the group, so it doesn't matter if one member is incapable of making a positive contribution.

Question 14

In general, individuals produce ________ ideas when working alone than in brainstorming groups.

Accepted Answer

Individuals tend to produce more ideas when working alone compared to brainstorming groups due to reduced social pressures and the ability to think independently without interruptions.

Question 15

The tendency for people in a brainstorming group to perform at relatively similar levels, generating about the same number of ideas, is called

Accepted Answer

Social matching refers to the phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to converge in their performance levels, often generating a similar number of ideas during brainstorming sessions.

Question 16

The type of decision a group needs to make is one factor that determines which ________ is used.

Accepted Answer

The type of decision a group needs to make influences which decision rule is used, as decision rules are guidelines or criteria that help groups make decisions.

Question 17

Which is an issue in group decision making?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are issues in group decision making: biased use of information, group polarization, and groupthink.

Question 18

The search committee for a new college faculty position finished their interview with the top candidate and met to discuss her. If they are like most people they will spend the most time talking about

Accepted Answer

Groups often spend more time discussing information that is shared among all members, as it is more easily accessible and less likely to cause conflict or require additional explanation.

Question 19

Early work on the risky shift phenomenon was later revised to reflect the fact that group discussion

Accepted Answer

Research showed that group discussion often leads to more extreme decisions, a phenomenon known as group polarization.

Question 20

Provide an in-depth overview of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness. Specify the conditions under which different types of leaders are expected to be most effective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an in-depth overview of Fiedler's contingency...

Quiz 10: Behavior in Groups