Question 1

Industrial accident rates​

Accepted Answer

Industrial accident rates are highest at night due to factors such as fatigue and decreased visibility. Research has shown that workers who work night shifts have a higher risk of accidents than those who work during the day. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 2

Sleep patterns are most likely to change at puberty due to:​

Accepted Answer

During puberty, there is a decrease in the production of melatonin, the hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. This shift in melatonin production can cause sleep patterns to change and make it harder for teenagers to fall asleep at a reasonable hour.

Question 3

Chronic jet lag produces​

Accepted Answer

Chronic jet lag can lead to disruptions in the circadian rhythm, which can affect memory and cognitive function. Studies have shown that chronic jet lag can impair memory consolidation and recall.

Question 4

The body's internal "master clock" is ​

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a cluster of cells located in the hypothalamus that acts as the body's internal "master clock" by regulating circadian rhythms, which are physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle.

Question 5

Cells forming the retinohypothalamic pathway contain

Accepted Answer

Cells forming the retinohypothalamic pathway contain the photopigment melanopsin, which is sensitive to blue light and plays a role in regulating circadian rhythms.

Question 6

Axons forming the retinohypothalamic pathway originate in​

Accepted Answer

Axons forming the retinohypothalamic pathway originate in non-image forming ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells contain the photopigment melanopsin, which is sensitive to light and plays a role in entraining the circadian rhythm.

Question 7

Sleep deprivation is​

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation is a serious problem because it is quite common and has been linked to disastrous decisions affecting large numbers of people. It can impair cognitive function, increase the risk of accidents, and negatively impact physical and mental health.

Question 8

Jet lag is​

Accepted Answer

Jet lag is worse for people who travel in an eastward direction because they are crossing more time zones and losing hours in their day, which can disrupt their sleep-wake cycle. Traveling westward involves gaining hours, which can be easier for the body to adjust to.

Question 9

Andrew is an officer on a nuclear submarine that on occasion stays submerged for months,preventing any exposure to natural sunlight.To help maintain his normal sleeping habits,Andrew should​

Accepted Answer

Maintaining a regular schedule of eating and physical activity can help regulate circadian rhythms and promote better sleep, even in the absence of natural sunlight. Napping for short intervals may also be helpful, but it is important to also have a consistent wake-up time and bedtime. Option A is incorrect, as exposure to natural sunlight is important for regulating circadian rhythms. Option B is not the best choice, as it can lead to sleep deprivation and disruption of circadian rhythms.

Question 10

During adolescence,most people​

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, there is a shift in the circadian rhythm which makes teenagers temporarily act like "owls," meaning they tend to stay up later at night and have difficulty waking up early in the morning. This shift is due to the delayed release of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep, in the adolescent brain. Therefore, choice D is the best option as it describes this phenomenon.

Question 11

External cues,such as the rising of the sun,used by animals to establish daily rhythms are known as​

Accepted Answer

External cues used by animals to establish daily rhythms are known as zeitgebers. Phase shifts refer to changes in the timing of biological rhythms, entrainment signals refer to the process of synchronizing internal rhythms to external cues, and circadian rhythms are the internal physiological and behavioral changes that occur over a 24-hour cycle.

Question 12

Evening and night shift workers experience​

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that evening and night shift workers are at higher risk for health problems such as breast cancer, as their disrupted sleep patterns can affect the production of hormones. They may also experience other health problems such as insomnia, fatigue, and gastrointestinal issues due to their work schedule. Therefore, choice A is the best option.

Question 13

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)​

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is considered the body's "master clock" because it coordinates the various peripheral clocks in the body, synchronizing them to the 24-hour day-night cycle.

Question 14

Changing school start times to later in the morning​

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that changing school start times to later in the morning can improve school performance of teens and young adults. This is because it aligns better with their natural sleep cycles, allowing them to get more restorative sleep and be more alert during the school day. While it may have little effect on the performance of children and younger adolescents, it has been found to be beneficial for older students.

Question 15

You've been in college in Orange County,California,and you've been asked to interview for graduate school at Harvard on the east coast.If you have a choice,what schedule should you set for yourself,given the issue of jet lag?​

Accepted Answer

Option C allows for a full day of rest and adjustment to the new time zone before the meeting with the Dean the next day. This will help to minimize jet lag and ensure that the interviewee is well-rested and alert for the important meeting. Options A and D do not provide sufficient time to adjust to the new time zone, which could negatively impact the interview. Option B provides some time to adjust, but not as much as option C.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a circadian rhythm?​

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythms refer to the biological processes that occur roughly every 24 hours. Sleep-waking cycles are a classic example of a circadian rhythm, as they follow a roughly 24-hour pattern and are influenced by external cues such as light and darkness. Menstrual cycles are not circadian rhythms, as they occur over several weeks and are influenced by hormonal factors rather than external cues. Seasonal migration and mating seasons are also not circadian rhythms, as they occur over longer periods of time and are influenced by factors such as temperature and availability of resources.

Question 17

Current research suggests that Americans​

Accepted Answer

Studies show that the average American sleeps less than the recommended 7-9 hours per night, with many people getting as little as 6 hours or less. Lack of sleep has been linked to a range of health issues, including obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and depression. Therefore, Americans are sleeping less than the amount considered healthy.

Question 18

The free-running daily cycle of human beings is _________ hours long.​

Accepted Answer

The free-running daily cycle of human beings, also known as the circadian rhythm when not influenced by external cues like light, is between 24 and 25 hours long.

Question 19

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is located in the

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a tiny region in the hypothalamus of the brain that is responsible for regulating (among other things) our circadian rhythms, which are our daily rhythms that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle.

Question 20

Joshua,who is 19 years old,can't seem to get to sleep until about 2 a.m. and then struggles to get up on time in order to attend morning classes. It is most likely that Joshua​

Accepted Answer

According to research on sleep patterns, adolescent and young adult years tend to be the peak period for being an "owl" (having a preference for staying up late and sleeping in later). However, it is possible for sleep patterns to shift and change throughout adulthood, especially as responsibilities and lifestyles change. Therefore, it is likely that Joshua is currently an owl but may or may not continue this pattern in the future.

Quiz 11: Sleep and Waking

Industrial accident rates​

Sleep patterns are most likely to change at puberty due to:​

Chronic jet lag produces​

The body's internal "master clock" is ​

Cells forming the retinohypothalamic pathway contain

Axons forming the retinohypothalamic pathway originate in​

Sleep deprivation is​

Jet lag is​

Andrew is an officer on a nuclear submarine that on occasion stays submerged for months,preventing any exposure to natural sunlight.To help maintain his normal sleeping habits,Andrew should​

During adolescence,most people​

External cues,such as the rising of the sun,used by animals to establish daily rhythms are known as​

Evening and night shift workers experience​

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) ​

Changing school start times to later in the morning​

You've been in college in Orange County,California,and you've been asked to interview for graduate school at Harvard on the east coast.If you have a choice,what schedule should you set for yourself,given the issue of jet lag?​

Which of the following is an example of a circadian rhythm?​

Current research suggests that Americans​

The free-running daily cycle of human beings is _________ hours long.​

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is located in the

Joshua,who is 19 years old,can't seem to get to sleep until about 2 a.m. and then struggles to get up on time in order to attend morning classes. It is most likely that Joshua​

Industrial accident rates

Sleep patterns are most likely to change at puberty due to:

Chronic jet lag produces

The body's internal "master clock" is

Axons forming the retinohypothalamic pathway originate in

Sleep deprivation is

Jet lag is

Andrew is an officer on a nuclear submarine that on occasion stays submerged for months,preventing any exposure to natural sunlight.To help maintain his normal sleeping habits,Andrew should

During adolescence,most people

External cues,such as the rising of the sun,used by animals to establish daily rhythms are known as

Evening and night shift workers experience

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Changing school start times to later in the morning

You've been in college in Orange County,California,and you've been asked to interview for graduate school at Harvard on the east coast.If you have a choice,what schedule should you set for yourself,given the issue of jet lag?

Which of the following is an example of a circadian rhythm?

Current research suggests that Americans

The free-running daily cycle of human beings is _________ hours long.

Joshua,who is 19 years old,can't seem to get to sleep until about 2 a.m. and then struggles to get up on time in order to attend morning classes. It is most likely that Joshua