Question 1

Barry Commoner, a biologist, contends the primary cause of environmental ills is the increasing use of

Accepted Answer

Barry Commoner argued that the primary cause of environmental issues is the increasing use of synthetic chemicals, which includes pesticides, plastics, and detergents.

Question 2

Regarding environmental issues, who said "everything is connected to everything else"?

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest the natural environment provides resources essential for life, and that natural depletion of resources is consistent with survival by the fittest as part of a natural evolution?

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective views society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain stability, and it often interprets natural processes as essential for societal survival and evolution.

Question 4

Which sociological perspective observes that less affluent nations are being forced to exploit their mineral deposits, forests, and fisheries in order to meet their obligations to developed nations?

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective focuses on the power differentials and inequalities between developed and less affluent nations, highlighting how the latter are often compelled to exploit their resources to meet the demands and obligations imposed by more powerful countries.

Question 5

Environmental justice is defined as a

Accepted Answer

Environmental justice refers to the movement and legal strategies that address the disproportionate exposure of racial minorities and low-income communities to environmental hazards, advocating for equal protection and involvement in environmental policies.

Question 6

The written work of the Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus contains a strong endorsement of two of the major institutions of his time: the church and slavery.

Accepted Answer

Malthus is known for his work on population growth and its implications, not for endorsing slavery. His views on the church were more complex, as he was a clergyman, but he did not strongly endorse slavery.

Question 7

More and more metropolitan areas are characterized by spread-out development and unchecked growth.

Accepted Answer

Urban sprawl is a common trend in many metropolitan areas, characterized by the expansion of low-density, car-dependent development.

Question 8

The infant mortality rate functions as a useful indicator of future population growth.

Accepted Answer

The infant mortality rate is a measure of the number of infants who die before their first birthday per 1,000 live births. It is a key indicator of the health and well-being of a population, and it can also be used to predict future population growth. A high infant mortality rate indicates that a population is struggling to survive, and it is likely to have a slow growth rate. Conversely, a low infant mortality rate indicates that a population is healthy and growing, and it is likely to have a high growth rate.

Question 9

One hundred ninety countries have signed the Kyoto Protocol, which is intended to reduce global emissions of heat-trapped gasses. To date, the United States has failed to ratify this accord.

Accepted Answer

The United States signed the Kyoto Protocol but never ratified it, meaning it did not become legally binding for the U.S.

Question 10

Louis Wirth argued that urbanism is dependent on the size of a community's population, population density, and the geographic mobility of the population.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

The concentric-zone theory suggests that as urban growth proceeds, each zone moves even closer to the central business district.

Accepted Answer

The concentric-zone theory suggests that urban growth leads to the expansion of zones outward from the central business district, not closer to it.

Question 12

The ultimate consequence of a lack of health care is insurmountable debt.

Accepted Answer

The ultimate consequence of a lack of health care is poor health outcomes or even death, not necessarily insurmountable debt.

Question 13

From an interactionist perspective, "being sick" must be controlled to ensure that not too many people are released from their societal responsibilities at any one time.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Drawing upon the conflict perspective, sociologist Howard Waitzkin suggests that racial tensions contribute to the medical problems of blacks in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Waitzkin, from a conflict perspective, argues that systemic inequalities and racial tensions can exacerbate health disparities among racial groups, including blacks in the U.S.

Question 15

Air pollution in urban areas is caused primarily by emissions from automobiles and secondarily by emissions from electric power plants and heavy industries.

Accepted Answer

Automobiles are a major source of air pollution in urban areas due to the emissions of pollutants like nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Electric power plants and heavy industries also contribute, but typically to a lesser extent in urban settings.

Question 16

Every year about 17,000 Egyptian children die from diarrhea and dehydration after contact with the Nile river's polluted water.

Accepted Answer

The Nile River is heavily polluted, and waterborne diseases are a significant health issue in Egypt, leading to high child mortality rates from diarrhea and dehydration.

Question 17

Discuss the views of Thomas Robert Malthus concerning population and how his insights have evolved into what is termed the neo-Malthusian view.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Describe how concentric zone theory is used to characterize land use in industrial cities. Give examples to illustrate the various concentric zones.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Discuss the core elements of Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis. How does the conflict perspective assist Wallerstein's analysis?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Compare and contrast the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist views on health and illness. Give examples to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 10: Population, Community, Health, and the Environment